Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics by Contraceptive Method Used at Study Enrollment
| Cu-IUD n = 323 (12.4%) | Implant n = 492 (19.0%) | OCP n = 280 (10.8%) | DMPA-IM n = 1,044 (40.4%) | NET-EN n = 368 (14.2%) | Tubal Ligation n = 78 (3.0%) | P a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 28(24, 33) | 28(24, 32) | 25(21, 31) | 26(22, 30) | 24(21, 28) | 36(33, 39) | <.001 |
| Currently married, n (%) | 184(57.0) | 396(80.5) | 52(18.6) | 368(35.2) | 19(5.2) | 47(60.3) | <.001 |
| Secondary school education or higher, n (%) | 261(80.8) | 376(76.4) | 259(92.5) | 881(84.4) | 359(97.6) | 49(62.8) | .028 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 7(2.2) | 5(1.0) | 16(5.7) | 58(5.6) | 25(6.8) | 4(5.1) | .531 |
| Number of prior pregnancies, median (IQR) | 2(1, 3) | 3(2, 3) | 1(1, 2) | 2(1, 3) | 1(1, 2) | 4(3, 4) | <.001 |
| Number of live births, median (IQR) | 2(1, 3) | 2(2, 3) | 1(0, 2) | 2(1, 2) | 1(0, 2) | 4(3, 4) | <.001 |
| Sexually transmitted infection, n (%) | |||||||
| Chlamydia trachomatis b | 25(7.7) | 42(8.5) | 34(12.1) | 140(13.4) | 62(16.8) | 3(3.8) | .037 |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae b | 13(4.0) | 26(5.3) | 12(4.3) | 41(3.9) | 12(3.3) | 5(6.4) | .614 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis c | 26(8.0) | 41(8.3) | 23(8.2) | 57(5.5) | 25(6.8) | 6(7.7) | .336 |
| Syphilisd | 4(1.2) | 13(2.6) | 5(1.8) | 17(1.6) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | .164 |
| Bacterial vaginosise | 144(44.6) | 218(44.4) | 120(42.9) | 391(37.5) | 154(41.8) | 43(55.1) | <.001 |
| Two or more sexual partners, n (%) | 71(22.0) | 66(13.4) | 57(20.4) | 170(16.3) | 55(14.9) | 12(15.4) | .332 |
| Condom used at last sex, n (%) | 177(54.8) | 231(47.0) | 193(68.9) | 589(56.4) | 247(67.1) | 35(44.9) | .060 |
| Primary sex partner circumcised, n (%) | 123(38.1) | 126(25.6) | 125(44.6) | 459(44.0) | 215(58.4) | 32(41.0) | .029 |
Abbreviations: Cu-IUD, copper intrauterine device; DMPA-IM, intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; IQR, interquartile range; NET-EN, norethisterone enanthate; OCP, oral contraceptive pill.
a P-values are obtained from Cochran-Maentel-Haenzel χ 2 tests stratified by site for categorical variables and from analysis of variance adjusted for site for continuous variables.
bEvaluated by nucleic acid amplification test.
cEvaluated by rapid test.
dEvaluated by serology.
eAt baseline, median time since method initiation was 16 days (IQR: 8, 112) across all methods, excluding women with a tubal ligation, as date of tubal ligation was unknown.