Table 1.
Multivariable Regression With Stepwise Selection to Predict Length-for-Age z Score at 12 and 24 Months
| Predictor | LAZ at 12 mo (n = 179) | LAZ at 24 mo (n = 180) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regression Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | Regression Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Sex | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| LAZ at enrollment, SD | 0.36 (.18–.53) | <.001 | 0.30 (.12 to .48) | .002 |
| WAZ at enrollment, SD | 0.13 (–.06 to .32) | .19 | 0.13 (–.06 to .32) | .19 |
| Birth during the wet season (Apr–Sep)a | -0.23 (–.48 to .01) | .06 | –0.22 (–.48 to .04) | .10 |
| Gestational age at birth, wk | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Mother’s height, cm | 0.01 (–.002 to .02) | .11 | .01 (.0001 to .03) | .05 |
| Mother’s weight 4 mo postpartum, kg | 0.01 (.0001–.03) | .05 | 0.02 (.003 to .03) | .02 |
| Mother’s age at child enrollment, y | 0.02 (–.008 to .05) | .17 | ns | ns |
| Mother’s age at first pregnancy, y | 0.03 (–.01 to .08) | .18 | ns | ns |
| Formal maternal education (none vs any)a | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Income (per thousand takab) | 0.01 (–.0004 to .02) | .06 | 0.01 (.002 to .03) | .02 |
| ≥5 people per householda | –0.36 (–.65 to –.08) | .01 | –0.48 (–.77 to –.19) | .002 |
| Additional siblings <5 y old in dwellinga | –0.27 (–.55 to .01) | .06 | –0.42 (–.72 to –.01) | .01 |
| Food deficit as assessed by a family membera | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Duration of exclusive breastfeeding, d | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Flush toileta | ns | ns | 0.23 (–.05 to .52) | .11 |
| Concrete floor in dwellinga | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Kitchen in dwelling | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Municipal drinking watera | –1.10 (–2.69 to .49) | .17 | –1.86 (–3.55 to –.02) | .03 |
| Routine treatment of drinking water (boiling or chlorine vs none)a | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Open drain outside dwellinga | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Total days of diarrhea | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| CRP measurement at 18 wk, μg/mL | –0.01 (–.02 to –.002) | .02 | ns | ns |
| sCD14 measurement at 18 wk, ng/mL | ns | ns | –0.0004 (–.001 to –.0002) | .001 |
| MPO measurement at 22 wk, ng/mL | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Reg1β measurement at 22 wk, μg/mL | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Adenovirus 40/41c | –0.13 (–.46 to .21) | .47 | –0.13 (–.38 to .12) | .30 |
| Aeromonas c | –1.06 (–2.93 to .80) | .27 | –0.27 (–1.45 to .90) | .65 |
| Astrovirusc | –0.63 (–1.07 to –.19) | .006 | –0.23 (–.58 to .13) | .21 |
| Campylobacter jejuni/coli c | –0.28 (–.03 to .58) | .08 | –0.03 (–.23 to .17) | .76 |
| Cryptosporidium c | 0.37 (–.87 to .14) | .16 | –0.11 (–.44 to .22) | .50 |
| Norovirus GIIc | 0.31 (–.13 to .75) | .17 | 0.42 (.04–.80) | .03 |
| Rotavirusc | –0.01 (–.24 to .21) | .93 | –0.06 (–.26 to .13) | .52 |
| Salmonella c | –0.73 (–1.97 to .52) | .26 | 0.37 (–.83 to 1.57) | .54 |
| Sapovirusc | –0.23 (–.63 to .17) | .25 | –0.03 (–.35 to .29) | .85 |
| Shigella/EIECc | 0.05 (–.15 to .25) | .60 | –0.02 (–.14 to .11) | .81 |
| Vibirio cholerae c | 0.21 (–.22 to .64) | .34 | 0.06 (–.30 to .42) | .74 |
| Typical EPECc | –0.33 (–.97 to .30) | .31 | –0.08 (–.69 to .52) | .79 |
| ST-ETECc | 0.09 (–.18 to .36) | .51 | 0.12 (–.12 to .36) | .33 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; EIEC, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli; EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; LAZ, length-for-age z score; MPO, myeloperoxidase; ns, not significant (variable was dropped by stepwise regression algorithm); Reg 1β, regenerating family member 1β; sCD14, soluble CD14; SD, standard deviation; ST-ETEC, heat-stable toxin–producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; WAZ, weight-for-age z score.
aDichotomous variable.
bOne US dollar = 76.69–79.14 Bangladeshi taka over the study duration.
cAttributable fraction of diarrhea due to that pathogen over 12 or 24 months.