Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients without Asthma and Patients with Asthma by Severity, 2010–2016a
| No Asthma (n = 135,397) | Total Asthma (n = 10,222) | Mild Asthma (n = 7704) | Moderate Asthma (n = 2438) | Severe Asthma (n = 80) | P-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National estimates, N (%) | 1,418,534,135 | 105,740,815 | 78,021,972 | 26,630,773 | 1,088,070 | |
| Age (years), mean (SE) | 49.1 (0.2) | 49.7 (0.4) | 48.0 (0.4) | 54.5 (0.6) | 59.4 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| 18–34 | 36,566 (27.0%) | 2492 (24.4%) | 2150 (27.9%) | 339 (13.9%) | 3 (3.8%) | <0.001 |
| 35–64 | 71,068 (52.5%) | 5496 (53.8%) | 4060 (52.7%) | 1388 (56.9%) | 48 (60.0%) | |
| ≥65 | 27,763 (20.5%) | 2234 (21.9%) | 1494 (19.4%) | 711 (29.2%) | 29 (36.3%) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||||
| Male | 58,750 (43.4%) | 3300 (32.3%) | 2466 (32.0%) | 817 (33.5%) | 17 (21.3%) | |
| Female | 76,647 (56.6%) | 6922 (67.7%) | 5238 (68.0%) | 1621 (66.5%) | 63 (78.8%) | |
| Race | <0.001 | |||||
| White | 94,434 (69.7%) | 6702 (65.6%) | 4976 (64.6%) | 1671 (68.5%) | 55 (68.8%) | |
| Black | 26,743 (19.8%) | 2527 (24.7%) | 1970 (25.6%) | 538 (22.1%) | 19 (23.8%) | |
| Otherc | 1133 (0.8%) | 120 (1.2%) | 92 (1.2%) | 28 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Hispanic | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 32,496 (24.0%) | 2002 (19.6%) | 1624 (21.1%) | 375 (15.4%) | 3 (3.8%) | |
| No | 102,901 (76.0%) | 8220 (80.4%) | 6080 (78.9%) | 2063 (84.6%) | 77 (96.3%) | |
| Region | <0.001 | |||||
| Northwest | 22,098 (16.3%) | 2144 (21.0%) | 1588 (20.6%) | 540 (22.1%) | 16 (20.0%) | |
| Midwest | 27,601 (20.4%) | 2183 (21.4%) | 1617 (21.0%) | 550 (22.6%) | 16 (20.0%) | |
| South | 49,931 (36.9%) | 3469 (33.9%) | 2571 (33.4%) | 858 (35.2%) | 40 (50.0%) | |
| West | 35,767 (26.4%) | 2426 (23.7%) | 1928 (25.0%) | 490 (20.1%) | 8 (10.0%) | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | |||||
| Married | 67,425 (49.8%) | 4154 (40.6%) | 3040 (39.5%) | 1078 (44.2%) | 36 (45.0%) | |
| Widowed | 10,019 (7.4%) | 970 (9.5%) | 671 (8.7%) | 290 (11.9%) | 9 (11.3%) | |
| Divorced/separated | 21,148 (15.6%) | 2075 (20.3%) | 1529 (19.8%) | 527 (21.6%) | 19 (23.8%) | |
| Not married | 36,804 (27.2%) | 3023 (29.6%) | 2464 (32.0%) | 543 (22.3%) | 16 (20.0%) | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||||
| Less than high school diploma | 25,640 (18.9%) | 2182 (21.3%) | 1689 (21.9%) | 484 (19.9%) | 9 (11.3%) | |
| High school diploma | 36,133 (26.7%) | 2647 (25.9%) | 1973 (25.6%) | 649 (26.6%) | 25 (31.3%) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 50,525 (37.3%) | 3765 (36.8%) | 2808 (36.4%) | 920 (37.7%) | 37 (46.3%) | |
| Advanced degree | 11,645 (8.6%) | 837 (8.2%) | 603 (7.8%) | 227 (9.3%) | 7 (8.8%) | |
| Unknown | 11,454 (8.5%) | 791 (7.7%) | 631 (8.2%) | 158 (6.5%) | 2 (2.5%) | |
| Income level | <0.001 | |||||
| ≤0 | 3487 (2.6%) | 349 (3.4%) | 280 (3.6%) | 64 (2.6%) | 5 (6.3%) | |
| > 0–20,000 | 28,397 (21.0%) | 2963 (29.0%) | 2270 (29.5%) | 673 (27.6%) | 20 (25.0%) | |
| >20,000–40,000 | 29,915 (22.1%) | 2230 (21.8%) | 1692 (22.0%) | 519 (21.3%) | 19 (23.8%) | |
| >40,000–80,000 | 37,217 (27.5%) | 2446 (23.9%) | 1838 (23.9%) | 592 (24.3%) | 16 (20.0%) | |
| >80,000 | 36,381 (26.9%) | 2234 (21.9%) | 1624 (21.1%) | 590 (24.2%) | 20 (25.0%) | |
| Insurance | <0.001 | |||||
| Any private | 80,708 (59.6%) | 5378 (52.6%) | 3958 (51.4%) | 1367 (56.1%) | 53 (66.3%) | |
| Public only | 36,337 (26.8%) | 4000 (39.1%) | 3017 (39.2%) | 957 (39.3%) | 26 (32.5%) | |
| Uninsured | 18,352 (13.6%) | 844 (8.3%) | 729 (9.5%) | 114 (4.7%) | 1 (1.3%) | |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 20,818 (15.4%) | 1893 (18.5%) | 1474 (19.1%) | 409 (16.8%) | 10 (12.5%) | |
| No | 101,529 (75.0%) | 7389 (72.3%) | 5484 (71.2%) | 1839 (75.4%) | 66 (82.5%) | |
| Unknown | 13,050 (9.6%) | 940 (9.2%) | 746 (9.7%) | 190 (7.8%) | 4 (5.0%) | |
| ED visits | 24,332 (18.0%) | 2993 (29.3%) | 2252 (29.2%) | 714 (29.3%) | 27 (33.8%) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalizations | 13,249 (9.8%) | 1547 (15.1%) | 1074 (13.9%) | 458 (18.8%) | 15 (18.8%) | <0.001 |
| CCI, mean (SE)d | 0.51 (0.01) | 0.74 (0.02) | 0.70 (0.03) | 0.85 (0.04) | 1.29 (0.31) | <0.001 |
Notes: aData were presented as the number of patients (percentage). bStatistical significance was compared between patients with mild, moderate, severe asthma with a 2-sided P < 0.05 using Rao-Scott Chi-square test and ANOVA. cOther includes American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and multiple races. dCharlson Comorbidity Index includes myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, connective tissue disease, ulcer disease mild liver disease hemiplegia, moderate or severe renal disease, diabetes, tumor, moderate or severe liver, and metastatic solid tumor.
Abbreviations: SE, standard error; CCI, charlson comorbidity index.