Table 3.

Multivariable Survey Regression Analysis to Estimate the SF-12 PCS and MCS of Asthma Patients by Severity, 2010–2016

	SF-12 PCS			SF-12 MCS
	Coefficient	SE	P-value	Coefficient	SE	P-value
Asthma severity (ref: mild asthma)
Moderate	−0.966	0.381	0.012	0.459	0.399	0.252
Severe	−5.273	1.344	<0.001	−1.875	1.837	0.309
ED visits	−2.637	1.344	<0.001	−1.987	0.406	<0.001
Hospitalizations	−3.605	0.566	<0.001	−1.518	0.491	0.002
Age (years) (ref: 18–34)
35–64	−6.049	0.398	<0.001	−0.940	0.454	0.040
≥65	−8.446	0.630	<0.001	4.041	0.601	<0.001
Sex (ref: male)
Female	−1.076	0.359	0.003	−0.883	0.374	0.019
Race (ref: White)
Black	1.364	0.371	<0.001	2.342	0.399	<0.001
Othera	−0.350	0.741	0.638	−0.287	0.545	0.600
Hispanic (ref: no)
Yes	1.385	0.447	0.002	0.724	0.443	0.104
Region (ref: northwest)
Midwest	−2.164	0.552	<0.001	−0.302	0.514	0.558
South	−2.046	0.526	<0.001	−0.634	0.480	0.188
West	−1.733	0.569	0.003	−0.730	0.541	0.179
Marital status (ref: not married)
Married	−0.383	0.669	0.568	−0.179	0.626	0.776
Widowed	0.830	0.524	0.115	−1.609	0.545	0.004
Divorced/separated	1.873	0.485	<0.001	−0.395	0.511	0.440
Education (ref: advanced degree)
Less than high school diploma	−4.186	0.727	<0.001	−1.357	0.592	0.023
High school graduate	−3.540	0.667	<0.001	0.238	0.619	0.701
Bachelor’s degree	−2.470	0.531	<0.001	−0.165	0.567	0.771
Income level (ref: >80,000)
≤20,000	−5.011	0.532	<0.001	−3.893	0.565	<0.001
>20,000–40,000	−3.303	0.496	<0.001	−2.612	0.529	<0.001
>40,000–80,000	−2.098	0.426	<0.001	−0.740	0.440	0.094
Insurance (ref: uninsured)
Any private	1.168	0.697	0.095	2.937	0.828	0.001
Public only	−3.817	0.755	<0.001	−0.863	0.887	0.332
Smoking	−1.512	0.498	0.003	−2.037	0.514	<0.001
CCIb	−1.831	0.150	<0.001	−0.689	0.138	<0.001
Intercept	58.605	1.020	<0.001	50.978	1.097	<0.001

Notes: ^aOther includes American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and multiple races. ^bCharlson Comorbidity Index includes myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, connective tissue disease, ulcer disease mild liver disease hemiplegia, moderate or severe renal disease, diabetes, tumor, moderate or severe liver, and metastatic solid tumor.

Abbreviations: SF-6D, short-form six-dimension; PCS, physical component summary; MCS, mental component summary; SE, standard error; ED, emergency department; CCI, charlson comorbidity index.