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Hierarchical structure formation of chitin as a biocomposite on the (a) artistic illustration of a prawn exoskeleton; (b) the macrostructure of the exoskeleton primarily composed of layered chitin, proteins and CaCO3; (c) helicoidal arrangements of chitin; (d) chitin nanofibrillar bundles; and (e) chemical composition of chitin. (Online version in colour.)
