FIGURE 3.

Comparison of amoebae migrations under two galvanotaxis conditions, before and after being conditioned. In red Amoebae proteus, in blue Metamoeba leningradensis, and in green Amoebae borokensis. (A) When galvanotactic stimulus was applied, practically all the cells of the three species migrated toward the cathode. (B) After induction process (simultaneous galvanotactic and chemotactic stimuli for 30 min, see Figure 2) a new locomotion pattern had appeared in the cells, and the majority of amoebae moved toward the anode in the absence of peptide (75, 82, and 79% of the A. proteus, M. leningradensis and A. borokensis, respectively). The p-Values obtained when the displacement cosines of galvanotaxis and conditioning tests for each species were depicted, these values indicated that this newly acquired cellular behavior is extremely unlikely to be obtained by chance. The three species responded similarly, suggesting the presence of associative conditions in most of them (78% on average). “+” indicates anode, while “−” cathode. The x-axis shows the distance in mm.