Fig. 4.

AdipoRonPEG₅ improved glucose metabolism under insulinopenic and high-fat diet conditions and promotes adipocyte beiging after cold exposure. A and B: Adiponectin-deficient mice were treated with streptozotocin to deplete insulin-producing β-cells followed by oral glucose tolerance test (A) and triglyceride tolerance test (B) (n = 8). C: Wild-type mice were fed high-fat diet for 7 months and treated with AdipoRonPEG₅ (5 mg/kg) twice a day for 5 days. Food intake and body weight were measured before and after the treatment (n = 4 control and n = 5 AdipoRonPEG₅). D: Blood glucose levels of mice under HFD were measured after intraperitoneal insulin insulin injection (1.25 mU/g body weight) (n = 4 control and n = 5 AdipoRonPEG₅). E and F: Blood glucose and insulin level were determined after oral glucose gavage (2.5 g/kg body weight) (n = 4 control and n = 5 AdipoRonPEG₅). G: Fibrosis-related genes were measured by qPCR. (n = 9 control and n=10 AdipoRonPEG₅) (H) Body temperature of the mice treated with AdipoRonPEG₅ (5 mg/kg) was determined after cold exposure (4°C) (n = 6). I: Representative HE stain images of control (left panel) and AdipoRonPEG₅ (right panel) treated subcutaneous adipose tissue after cold exposure. J: Quantification of multilocular area of subcutaneous adipose tissue (n = 6). Data are mean ± SEM. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01.