TABLE 1.

Mechanism of action and Side effects of Common Therapy in MM.

Drug	Mechanism of action	Side effects	Ref
Melphalan	Chemotherapy drug	Bone marrow damage and chemotherapy side effects	Bergsagel et al. (1962)
Thalidomide (Thalomid)	Immunomodulating agent	Drowsiness, fatigue, constipation, and painful nerve damage as well as severe birth defects when taken during pregnancy	Singhal et al. (1999)
Bortezomib (Velcade)	Proteasome inhibitor	Vomiting, tiredness, diarrhea, constipation, decreased appetite, fever, lowered blood counts and nerve damage	Richardson et al. (2003)
Lenalidomide (Revlimid)	Small molecule analogue of thalidomide	Drowsiness, fatigue, constipation, and painful nerve damage as well as severe birth defects when taken during pregnancy	Hideshima et al. (2000), Rajkumar et al. (2005), Richardson et al. (2002)
Carfilzomib (Kyprolis)	Proteasome inhibitor	Tiredness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath, fever and low blood counts and occasionally more serious problems such as pneumonia, heart problems, and kidney or liver failure	Herndon et al. (2013)
Pomalidomide (Pomalyst)	Small molecule analogue of thalidomide	Same thalidomide side effects with a less risk of nerve damage side effect	Lacy et al. (2009)
Panobinostat (Farydak)	Oral Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor	Feeling tired, weakness, nausea, diarrhea vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, swelling in the arms or legs, and occasionally altered blood cell counts and blood electrolytes. Rare cases of internal bleeding, liver damage, and changes in heart rhythm which can sometimes be life threatening	Laubach et al. (2015)
Ixazomib (Ninlaro)	Oral proteasome inhibitor	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, swelling in the hands or feet, back pain, lowered blood platelet count and nerve damage	Muz et al. (2016)
Daratumumab (Darzalex)	Intravenous monoclonal antibody	Coughing, wheezing, trouble breathing, throat tightness, runny nose, nasal congestion, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, headache, rash, nausea, fatigue, back pain, fever, and lower blood cell counts	Lokhorst et al. (2015)
Elotuzumab (Empliciti)	Intravenous monoclonal antibody	Chills, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, wheezing, trouble breathing, cough, tightness in the throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia, rash, fatigue, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, fever, and nerve damage	Lonial et al. (2015)
Selinexor (Xpovio)	Oral Nuclear export inhibitor of XPO1	Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, low blood sodium levels susceptibility to infection, low platelet counts, and low white blood cell counts	Vogl et al. (2018)