Table 1. Characteristics of Participants in a Study of Holocaust Experience and Mortality Patterns, by Sex and Exposure Status, Jerusalem Perinatal Study, Israel, 1964–1976.

	Sex and Exposure Status
	Women (n = 10,210)				Men (n = 12,461)
Characteristic	Unexposed   (n = 8,077)		Holocaust Survivor   (n = 2,133)		Unexposed   (n = 9,552)		Holocaust Survivor   (n = 2,909)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Age at exposure, yearsa
Unexposed	8,077	100.0			9,552	100.0
<1 (newborn)			873	40.9			774	26.6
1–12 (child)			1,172	54.9			1,652	56.8
13–19 (adolescent)			88	4.1			421	14.5
≥20 (adult)			0	0			62	2.1
Socioeconomic positionb
Low	661	8.2	212	9.9	821	8.6	304	10.5
Middle	2,932	36.3	770	36.1	3,548	37.1	1,029	35.4
High	4,484	55.5	1,151	54.0	5,183	54.3	1,576	54.2
Participant’s duration of education, years
0	29	0.4	10	0.5	18	0.2	5	0.2
1–4	33	0.4	22	1.0	15	0.2	16	0.6
5–8	1,060	13.1	277	13.0	728	7.6	274	9.4
9–12	2,553	31.6	725	34.0	3,038	31.8	903	31.0
≥13	4,136	51.2	997	46.7	5,469	57.3	1,600	55.0
Unknown	266	3.3	102	4.8	284	3.0	111	3.8
Ever being diagnosed with an obstetrical conditionc
No	6,690	82.8	1,802	84.5
Yes	416	5.2	104	4.9
Unknown	971	12.0	227	10.6
No. of live births
1	954	11.8	254	11.9
2–4	5,586	69.2	1,454	68.2
5–9	1,334	16.5	346	16.2
≥10	190	2.4	75	3.5
Unknown	13	0.2	4	0.2
Average offspring birth weight, g
<2,500	406	5.0	119	5.6
2,500–2,999	1,518	18.8	392	18.4
3,000–3,499	3,599	44.6	907	42.5
3,500–3,999	2,075	25.7	551	25.8
≥4,000	449	5.6	149	7.0
Unknown	30	0.4	15	0.7

^a At the beginning of Nazi persecutions (country-specific year).

^b By husband’s occupation for women and by occupational status for men.

^c Toxemia, heart disease, diabetes, or prediabetes.