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. 2021 Jul 19;12:669357. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669357

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Copyright © 2021 Copley, Gragert, Leach and Kosmoliaptsis

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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SARS-CoV-2 viral proteome presentation at the molecular HLA class II level. The number of viral peptides presented by individual HLA is shown for (A) the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome; (B). Spike protein (S protein); (C) Nucleocapsid protein (N protein); (D) Membrane protein (M protein); and (E) Envelope protein (E protein). The HLA frequency in four broad ethnic populations is shown (AFA, African Americans; API, Asian and Pacific Islanders; CAU, Caucasians; HIS, Hispanics). Bars are coloured according to HLA locus, as shown. HLA were included in the figure if they had a frequency of ≥ 1% in any haplotype distribution from the four broad population groups.