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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 2.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2021 Jul 2;373(6550):25–26. doi: 10.1126/science.abj5028

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A fast, protein-only synthetic toggle network

A toggle bistable switch that contains two OR, BUFFER, or NOT gates creates a mutual repression topology in yeast cells (left). Changes in the concentration of input signals (sorbitol and isopentenyl adenine) rapidly control switches between the two stable states, which is monitored by the nuclear translocation of a fusion green fluorescent protein (right).