. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 2.

Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Jul 8;55(14):9989–10000. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02168

Table 3.

Detection of individual pathogens at baseline and 24-month. Sorted by detection in control soils at the 24-month phase.

Pathogen
	Baseline Detection	24-month Detection	Unadjusted BL-24M DID estimate^╪	Adjusted BL-24M DID estimate^╪
Ascaris lumbricoides
control	0.65 (31/48)	0.76 (34/45)	0.64 (0.40, 1.0) p = 0.06	0.62 (0.39, 0.98) p = 0.04
intervention	0.63 (27/43)	0.44 (19/43)	0.64 (0.40, 1.0) p = 0.06	0.62 (0.39, 0.98) p = 0.04
Enteroaggregative E. coli
control	0.42 (20/48)	0.53 (24/45)	0.57 (0.30, 1.1) p = 0.08	0.51 (0.27, 0.94) p = 0.03
intervention	0.51 (22/43)	0.37 (16/43)	0.57 (0.30, 1.1) p = 0.08	0.51 (0.27, 0.94) p = 0.03
Giardia duodenalis
control	0.42 (20/48)	0.38 (17/45)	0.76 (0.34, 1.7) p = 0.50	0.85 (0.37, 1.9) p = 0.69
intervention	0.37 (16/43)	0.26 (11/43)	0.76 (0.34, 1.7) p = 0.50	0.85 (0.37, 1.9) p = 0.69
Shigella/Enteroinvasive E. coli
control	0.33 (16/48)	0.33 (15/45)	0.58 (0.17, 1.9) p = 0.37	0.59 (0.18, 1.9) p= 0.38
intervention	0.16 (7/43)	0.09 (4/43)	0.58 (0.17, 1.9) p = 0.37	0.59 (0.18, 1.9) p= 0.38
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
control	0.25 (12/48)	0.33 (15/45)	0.45 (0.17, 1.2) p = 0.10	0.44 (0.17, 1.1) p = 0.09
intervention	0.35 (15/43)	0.21 (9/43)	0.45 (0.17, 1.2) p = 0.10	0.44 (0.17, 1.1) p = 0.09
adenovirus 40/41
control	0.23 (11/48)	0.33 (15/45)	0.34 (0.08, 1.5) p = 0.19	0.32 (0.07, 1.5) p = 0.14
intervention	0.14 (6/43)	0.07 (3/43)	0.34 (0.08, 1.5) p = 0.19	0.32 (0.07, 1.5) p = 0.14
astrovirus
control	0.23 (11/48)	0.27 (12/45)	1.3 (0.51, 3.1) p = 0.62	1.6 (0.60, 4.0) p = 0.36
intervention	0.23 (10/43)	0.33 (14/43)	1.3 (0.51, 3.1) p = 0.62	1.6 (0.60, 4.0) p = 0.36
Enteropathogenic E. coli
control	0.15 (7/48)	0.24 (11/45)	0.20 (0.05, 0.88) p = 0.02	0.20 (0.05, 0.82) p = 0.03
intervention	0.21 (9/43)	0.07 (3/43)	0.20 (0.05, 0.88) p = 0.02	0.20 (0.05, 0.82) p = 0.03
Trichuris trichiura
control	0.31 (15/48)	0.18 (8/45)	1.0 (0.33, 3.2) p = 0.96	0.95 (0.32, 2.9) p = 0.93
intervention	0.28 (12/43)	0.16 (7/43)	1.0 (0.33, 3.2) p = 0.96	0.95 (0.32, 2.9) p = 0.93
Clostridium difficile
control	0.13 (6/48)	0.16 (7/45)	0.68 (0.17, 2.8) p = 0.59	0.70 (0.16, 3.0) p = 0.62
intervention	0.16 (7/43)	0.14 (6/43)	0.68 (0.17, 2.8) p = 0.59	0.70 (0.16, 3.0) p = 0.62
Salmonella spp.
control	0.02 (1/48)	0.09 (4/45)	NA
intervention	0.05 (2/43)	0.05 (2/43)	NA
Shiga-toxin producing E. coli
control	0.02 (1/48)	0.07 (3/45)	NA
intervention	0 (0/43)	0.02 (1/43)	NA
Campylobacter jejuni/coli
control	0.15 (7/48)	0.04 (2/45)	NA
intervention	0.09 (4/43)	0.09 (4/43)	NA
Yersinia spp.
control	0.02 (1/48)	0.04 (2/45)	NA
intervention	0.05 (2/43)	0.05 (2/43)	NA
norovirus GI/GII
control	0.06 (3/48)	0.02 (1/45)	NA
intervention	0.07 (3/43)	0.02 (1/43)	NA
rotavirus A
control	0.08 (4/48)	0 (0/45)	NA
intervention	0.14 (6/43)	0.09 (4/43)	NA
Entamoeba histolytica
control	0.02 (1/48)	0 (0/45)	NA
intervention	0.02 (1/43)	0.02 (1/43)	NA
Vibrio cholerae
control	0 (0/48)	0 (0/45)	NA
intervention	0 (0/43)	0 (0/43)	NA

Note: DID: difference-in-difference.

^╪

We did not calculate DID estimates for pathogens with <5% detection