Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, siblings, and healthy controls in the GROUP study, mean scores (standard deviations) and absolute numbers (%)
| PD (504) | FR (572) | TC (337) | Statistic | p value | ES | Post hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 365 (72.4) | 254 (44.4) | 153 (42.4) | χ2 = 108.17 | <0.001 | V = 0.27 | PD > FR & TC |
| Age (years) | 33.4 (7.2) | 34.0 (7.9) | 38.5 (10.6) | F = 30.89 | <0.001 | η2p = 0.06 | PD & FR < TC |
| Age of onset (years)b | 22.4 (6.5) | – | – | ||||
| Illness duration (years) | 11.5 (4.3) | – | – | ||||
| Estimated IQb | 100.7 (17.9) | 111.5 (17.7) | 115.4 (17.1) | F = 83.15 | <0.001 | η2p = 0.11 | PD < FR < TC |
| Education | χ2 = 198.45 | <0.001 | V = 0.26 | PD < FR < TC | |||
| Low | 133 (26.4) | 52 (9.1) | 11 (3.3) | ||||
| Middle | 260 (51.6) | 227 (39.7) | 116 (34.4) | ||||
| High | 111 (22.0) | 293 (51.2) | 210 (62.3) | ||||
| CAPE scoresa,b | |||||||
| Positive | 29.3 (9.7) | 21.7 (2.5) | 21.5 (3.0) | F = 493.83 | <0.001 | η2p = 0.26 | PD > FR & TC |
| Negative | 26.2 (7.8) | 20.7 (5.7) | 19.7 (4.8) | F = 280.57 | <0.001 | η2p = 0.17 | PD > FR > TC |
| Depression | 15.1 (4.8) | 12.1 (3.3) | 11.8 (3.3) | F = 203.81 | <0.001 | η2p = 0.13 | PD > FR & TC |
| DSM-IV Diagnosisc | |||||||
| Schizophrenia | 310 (61.5) | – | – | ||||
| Schizophreniform d. | 36 (7.1) | – | – | ||||
| Schizoaffective d. | 67 (13.3) | – | – | ||||
| Psychotic d. | 79 (15.7) | – | – | ||||
| Delusional d. | 12 (2.4) | – | – | ||||
| In remission >6 monthsb,d | |||||||
| Yes/no/unknown | 198/274/29 | ||||||
| Antipsychotic medication | |||||||
| Yes/no/unknown | 345/4/155 | – | – |
PD, psychotic disorder group; FR, familial risk group; TC, typical comparison group; ES, effect size.
a
Games–Howell, p < 0.05.
b
Missing data: Age of onset – 1 PD, IQ – 1 FR, CAPE – 2 PD & 3 FR, PANSS – max. 20 PD.
c
Based on the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH; Andreasen, Flaum, and Arndt, 1992) and the Schedules for Clinical Assessment for Neuropsychiatry (SCAN 2.1; Wing et al., 1990) at baseline, reported for schizophrenia spectrum only.
d
Based on PANSS remission tool (Andreasen et al., 2005).