Table 1.
Drugs and biomolecules that can be loaded in MBGs and its biological activity.
| Drugs and biomolecules | Main biological action | |
|---|---|---|
| Angiogenic | ||
| DEX, dexamethasone, and QK peptide | QK peptide that mimics the α-helical structure of VEGF | [100] |
| VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor | Stimulates blood vessels formation | [101] |
| Streptokinase | Dissolves blood clots formed in blood vessels | [102] |
| DMOG, dimethyloxaloylglycine | Used in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity assays | [103] |
| Antibacterial | ||
| Amoxicillin | Antibiotic semisynthetic (beta-lactam) | [104] |
| Ciprofloxacin | Antibiotic (second-generation fluoroquinolone) | [105] |
| Gentamicin | Antibiotic aminoglycoside | [90] |
| Levofloxacin | Antibiotic synthetic (fluoroquinolone) DNA replication inhibitor | [90] |
| Moxifloxacin | Antibiotic (fluoroquinolone) | [106] |
| Rifampicin | Antibiotic semisynthetic | [90] |
| Teicoplanin | Antibiotic for prophylaxis and treatment gram-positive bacteria | [73] |
| Tetracycline | Antibiotic of broad spectrum | [107] |
| Triclosan | Antibacterial and antifungal agent | [108] |
| Vancomycin | Antibiotic glycopeptides, gram-positive bacteria effective | [90] |
| Vancomycin/tetracycline | Antibiotics | [109] |
| Anticancer | ||
| Isothiocyanate | Cancer-preventive activity | [110] |
| Aflatoxins antibodies | Carcinogens and mutagens produced by molds | [111] |
| Mitomycin C | Chemotherapy agent with antitumor activity | [112] |
| Cisplatin | Chemotherapy agent to treat cancer | [113] |
| DOX, doxorubicin | Chemotherapy medication to treat cancer | [114] |
| DOX/vancomycin | Chemotherapy medication to treat cancer/antibiotic | [109] |
| Osteogenic | ||
| BMP, bone morphogenetic protein | Bone and cartilage formation | [97] |
| Icariin | Osseous fractures repair | [115] |
| Osteostatin | Osteogenic activity, antiresorptive | [93] |
| DEX, dexamethasone | Osteogenic differentiation | [116] |
| Phenamil | Osteogenic, triggers osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization | [117] |
| rh-BMP-2, recombinant human BMP | Osteoinductive mesenchymal cells to chondroblasts and osteoblasts | [118] |
| Ipriflavone | Osteoporosis: prevention and treatment | [119] |
| Other functions | ||
| ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme/IBU | High blood pressure and heart failure/anti-inflammatory | [120] |
| Aspirin | Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal | [102] |
| BSA, bovine serum albumin | Cell nutrient and enzymes stabilizer | [121] |
| Chlorhexidine | Disinfectant and antiseptic | [122] |
| Curcumin | Multiple roles: cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-arthritic | [123] |
| EGF, epidermal growth factor | Cell growth and differentiation stimulation | [124] |
| Fluorescein | Diagnosis | [110] |
| IBU, Ibuprofen | Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal | [125] |
| Metoclopramide | Treatment of heartburn and of ulcers and sores in esophagus | [70] |
| Phenanthrene | To make bile acids, cholesterol, and steroids | [127] |