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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: Lab Chip. 2019 Oct 9;19(20):3552–3562. doi: 10.1039/c9lc00653b

Fig. 1. Time-lapse microscopy imaging of a human intestinal organoid (HIO) reveals waste accumulation.

Fig. 1.

(A) Image series. Closed-shell structure formed by an HIO. The epithelial sheet acts as semipermeable membrane, limiting transport between the luminal and extraluminal space. In the early stages of organoid growth, HIOs are optically transparent, but cellular debris accumulates over time (black arrows). Scale bar represents 1 mm. (B) Image series. High magnification time-lapse images of small debris (black arrows) sloughing off the inner surface and settling to the bottom of the interior space. Images are separated by 1 h each. Scale bar represents 0.1 mm. (C) After 130 h, the HIO from (A) has darkened significantly and waste has continued to accumulate in the luminal space