Table 2.

The New Developments in the Past 9 Years on LLD with Cognitive Impairment

1	The concept “pseudodementia” is now seen as a historical concept with little relevance.
2	Cognitive deficits often exist in LLD.
3	Cognitive deficits not only are present during the acute episode but also tend to persist during the remission phase.
4	Significant proportion of LLD cases with cognitive impairment progress to dementia, compared to those without cognitive impairment.
5	There is heterogeneity among the studies with regard to nature of cognitive deficits.
6	Attention and executive dysfunction evolve as the most common cognitive domains impaired in LLD.
7	There is emerging research on social cognition impairment in LLD.
8	Cognitive impairment in LLD is often multifactorial (polypharmacy, dyselectrolytemia, sensory impairment, chronic systemic medical illness, underlying neurodegenerative condition).
9	EEG, FDG-PET, evoked potential can supplement in differentiating LLD with cognitive impairment from dementia due to degenerative conditions to good clinical evaluation.

LLD: late-life depression, EEG: electroencephalography, FDG-PET: fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography.