Table 4.
Construct Reliability and Validity
| Construct | Measurement Items | Factor Loadings | Cronbach’s α | AVE | CR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awareness of COVID-19 | Moving to online learning format is a positive protective decision to avoid COVID-19 infection | 0.65 | 0.771 | 0.4567 | 0.7694 |
| Using the online learning format is a good decision to continue education during COVID-19 situation | 0.734 | ||||
| Online learning during the COVID-19 situation brings more advantages than disadvantages | 0.588 | ||||
| Online learning is a convenient way to continue education and avoid the spread of COVID-19 | 0.721 | ||||
| Computer & Internet Self Efficacy | I feel confident in performing the basic computer functions required for online learning | 0.705 | 0.794 | 0.5390 | 0.7776 |
| I feel confident in my knowledge and skills of how to manage software for online learning | 0.703 | ||||
| I feel confident in using the Internet to find or gather information for online learning | 0.791 | ||||
| Online Communication Self Efficacy | I feel confident in using online tools to effectively communicate with others during the online learning sessions | 0.767 | 0.788 | 0.5085 | 0.7557 |
| I feel confident in expressing myself through text/ chat-box during online learning session | 0.688 | ||||
| I feel confident in posting/ asking questions during online learning sessions | 0.681 | ||||
| Attitude towards Online Learning | Online learning enhances my creativity during COVID-19 situation | 0765 | 0.837 | 0.6090 | 0.8616 |
| Online learning is helpful for me during COVID-19 situation | 0.791 | ||||
| Online learning is enjoyable | 0.751 | ||||
| Online learning increases my productivity during COVID-19 | 0.813 | ||||
| Perceived Net Benefits | Online learning involves all students actively during COVID-19 | 0.734 | 0.877 | 0.5906 | 0.8099 |
| My academic performance is enhanced by using Online learning during COVID-19 | 0.827 | ||||
| Use of Online learning promotes critical success skills and collaborative knowledge building during COVID-19 situation | 0.805 | ||||
| Online learning has enhanced my interaction with my peers and my teachers during COVID-19 situation | 0.747 | ||||
| I can monitor my individual progress (i.e., personal growth) using Online learning during COVID-19 | 0.724 | ||||
| Intention towards online learning | I intend to use online learning during COVID-19 situation | 0.83 | 0.865 | 0.6828 | 0.8659 |
| I intend to use online learning to enhance my knowledge during COVID-19 situation | 0.823 | ||||
| I intend to recommend online learning to my friends during COVID-19 situation | 0.826 |