Table 3.
Results of lymphocyte subpopulation and inflammatory factor children with coronavirus disease 2019
| Variables | All patients (n = 217) | < 1 y patients (n = 40) | 1–6 y patients (n = 58) | 7–10 y patients (n = 65) | 11–15 y patients (n = 54) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphocyte subpopulation | ||||||
| CD3+ T, % | Normal range | 38.56–70.06 | 38.56–70.06 | 38.56–70.06 | 38.56–70.06 | |
| < 38.56, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.347 |
| 38.56–70.06, n (%) | 125 (57.6) | 28 (70.0) | 36 (62.1) | 31 (47.7) | 30 (55.6) | |
| > 70.06, n (%) | 84 (38.7) | 11 (27.5) | 19 (32.8) | 32 (49.2) | 22 (40.7) | |
| CD3+ T count (/µL) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 1400–6700 | 900–4500 | 700–4200 | 800–3500 | |
| < 805, n (%) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (3.7) | 0.001 |
| 805–4459, n (%) | 184 (84.8) | 26 (65.0) | 49 (84.5) | 59 (90.8) | 50 (92.6) | |
| > 4459, n (%) | 16 (7.4) | 9 (22.5) | 6 (10.3) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | |
| CD3+ CD4+ T, % | Normal range | 14.21–36.99 | 14.21–36.99 | 14.21–36.99 | 14.21–36.99 | |
| < 14.21, n (%) | 4 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0.581 |
| 14.21–36.99, n (%) | 124 (57.1) | 19 (47.5) | 31 (53.4) | 37 (56.9) | 37 (68.5) | |
| > 36.99, n (%) | 81 (37.3) | 20 (50.0) | 23 (39.7) | 24 (36.9) | 14 (25.9) | |
| CD3+ CD4+ T (/µL) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 1000–4600 | 500–2400 | 300–2000 | 400–2100 | |
| < 345, n (%) | 8 (3.7) | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.6) | 3 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
| 345–2350, n (%) | 175 (80.6) | 21 (52.5) | 47 (81.0) | 58 (89.2) | 49 (90.7) | |
| > 2350, n (%) | 20 (9.2) | 12 (30.0) | 8 (13.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | |
| CD3+ CD8+ T, % | Normal range | 13.24–38.53 | 13.24–38.53 | 13.24–38.53 | 13.24–38.53 | |
| < 13.24, n (%) | 4 (1.8) | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.095 |
| 13.24–38.53, n (%) | 195 (89.9) | 36 (90.0) | 54 (93.1) | 57 (87.7) | 48 (88.9) | |
| > 38.53, n (%) | 10 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | 5 (7.7) | 4 (7.4) | |
| CD3+ CD8+ T (/µL) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 400–2100 | 300–1600 | 300–1800 | 200–1200 | |
| < 314, n (%) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0.337 |
| 314–2080, n (%) | 191 (88.0) | 32 (80.0) | 51 (87.9) | 58 (89.2) | 50 (92.6) | |
| > 2080, n (%) | 9 (4.1) | 3 (7.5) | 4 (6.9) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.9) | |
| CD19+ B, % | Normal range | 10.86–28.03 | 10.86–28.03 | 10.86–28.03 | 10.86–28.03 | |
| < 10.86, n (%) | 12 (5.5) | 2 (5.0) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (4.6) | 4 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
| 10.86–28.03, n (%) | 180 (82.9) | 25 (62.5) | 49 (84.5) | 60 (92.3) | 46 (85.2) | |
| > 28.03, n (%) | 17 (7.8) | 12 (30.0) | 3 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.7) | |
| CD19+ B (/µL) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 600–2700 | 200–2100 | 200–1600 | 200–600 | |
| < 240, n (%) | 13 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.2) | 5 (7.7) | 3 (5.2) | < 0.001 |
| 240–1317, n (%) | 167 (77.0) | 22 (55.0) | 43 (74.1) | 55 (84.6) | 43 (74.1) | |
| > 1317, n (%) | 23 (10.6) | 13 (32.5) | 9 (15.5) | 1 (1.5) | 9 (15.5) | |
| NK cell, % | Normal range | 7.92–33.99 | 7.92–33.99 | 7.92–33.99 | 7.92–33.99 | |
| < 7.92, n (%) | 66 (30.4) | 13 (32.5) | 21 (36.2) | 25 (38.5) | 7 (13.0) | 0.033 |
| 7.92–33.99, n (%) | 130 (59.9) | 23 (57.5) | 30 (51.7) | 33 (50.8) | 44 (81.5) | |
| > 33.99, n (%) | 5 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.2) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.9) | |
| NK cell (/µL) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 230–801 | 155–724 | 120–483 | 87–504 | |
| < 210, n (%) | 55 (25.3) | 8 (20.0) | 19 (32.8) | 20 (30.8) | 8 (14.8) | 0.250 |
| 210–1514, n (%) | 144 (66.4) | 27 (67.5) | 35 (60.3) | 39 (60.0) | 43 (79.6) | |
| > 1514, n (%) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | |
| Total missing data for each item in lymphocyte subpopulation | 8 (3.7) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (5.2) | 2 (3.1) | 2 (3.7) | |
| Immune related factors | ||||||
| IgG (g/L), n (%) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 3.45–12.13 | 4.41–11.35 | 6.33–12.80 | 6.39–13.49 | |
| Missing data | 16 (7.4) | 3 (7.5) | 6 (10.3) | 7 (10.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| < 3.58 | 13 (6.0) | 11 (27.5) | 2 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| 3.58–10.69 | 122 (56.2) | 25 (62.5) | 39 (67.2) | 33 (50.8) | 25 (46.3) | |
| > 10.69 | 66 (30.4) | 1 (2.5) | 11 (19.0) | 25 (38.5) | 29 (53.7) | |
| IgM (g/L), n (%) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 0.21–0.86 | 0.23–1.00 | 0.24–1.21 | 0.28–1.76 | |
| Missing data | 16 (7.4) | 3 (7.5) | 6 (10.3) | 7 (10.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| < 0.11 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| 0.11–1.06 | 129 (59.4) | 35 (87.5) | 31 (53.4) | 28 (43.1) | 35 (64.8) | |
| > 1.06 | 72 (33.2) | 2 (5.0) | 21 (36.2) | 30 (46.2) | 19 (35.2) | |
| IgA (g/L), n (%) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 0.07–0.53 | 0.11–0.80 | 0.22–1.18 | 0.35–1.56 | |
| Missing data | 16 (7.4) | 3 (7.5) | 6 (10.3) | 7 (10.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| < 0.22 | 17 (7.8) | 11 (27.5) | 5 (8.6) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| 0.33–1.26 | 69 (31.8) | 22 (55.0) | 36 (62.1) | 5 (7.7) | 6 (11.1) | |
| > 1.26 | 115 (53.0) | 4 (10.0) | 11 (19.0) | 52 (80.0) | 48 (88.9) | |
| Serum complement C3 (g/L), n (%) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 0.86–1.74 | 0.77–1.71 | 0.89–1.95 | 0.83–1.77 | |
| Missing data | 13 (6.0) | 3 (7.5) | 2 (3.4) | 8 (12.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| < 0.7 | 16 (7.4) | 5 (12.5) | 6 (10.3) | 3 (4.6) | 2 (3.7) | 0.003 |
| 0.7–1.12 | 146 (67.3) | 28 (70.0) | 43 (74.1) | 43 (66.2) | 32 (59.3) | |
| > 1.12 | 42 (19.4) | 4 (10.0) | 7 (12.1) | 11 (16.9) | 20 (37.0) | |
| Serum complement C4 (g/L), n (%) | Normal range (age adjusted) | 0.12–0.39 | 0.97–0.36 | 0.12–0.32 | 0.15–0.45 | |
| Missing data | 13 (6.0) | 3 (7.5) | 2 (3.4) | 8 (12.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| < 0.1 | 15 (6.9) | 2 (5.0) | 7 (12.1) | 3 (4.6) | 3 (5.6) | 0.091 |
| 0.1–0.38 | 179 (82.5) | 34 (85.0) | 47 (81.0) | 52 (80.0) | 46 (85.2) | |
| > 0.38 | 10 (4.6) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (3.4) | 2 (3.1) | 5 (9.3) | |
| Inflammatory factors | ||||||
| IL-2 (pg/mL), n (%) | Normal range | 0–14 | 0–14 | 0–14 | 0–14 | |
| Missing data | 7 (3.2) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 0–14 | 209 (96.3) | 39 (97.5) | 55 (94.8) | 61 (93.8) | 54 (100) | 0.499 |
| > 14 | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| IL-4 (pg/mL), n (%) | Normal range | 0–12.9 | 0–12.9 | 0–12.9 | 0–12.9 | |
| Missing data | 7 (3.2) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 0–12.9 | 206 (94.9) | 36 (90.0) | 55 (94.8) | 61 (93.8) | 54 (100) | 0.058 |
| > 12.9 | 4 (1.8) | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| IL-6 (pg/mL), n (%) | Normal range | 0–20.9 | 0–20.9 | 0–20.9 | 0–20.9 | |
| Missing data | 7 (3.2) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 0–20.9 | 172 (79.3) | 26 (65.0) | 43 (74.1) | 52 (80.0) | 51 (94.4) | 0.015 |
| > 20.9 | 38 (17.5) | 13 (32.5) | 12 (20.7) | 10 (15.4) | 3 (5.6) | |
| IL-10 (pg/mL), n (%) | Normal range | 0–5.9 | 0–5.9 | 0–5.9 | 0–5.9 | |
| Missing data | 7 (3.2) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 0–5.9 | 155 (71.4) | 22 (55.0) | 37 (63.8) | 50 (76.9) | 46 (85.2) | 0.017 |
| > 5.9 | 55 (25.3) | 17 (42.5) | 18 (31.0) | 12 (18.5) | 8 (14.8) | |
| TNF-α (pg/mL), n (%) | Normal range | 0–5.5 | 0–5.5 | 0–5.5 | 0–5.5 | |
| Missing data | 7 (3.2) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 0–5.5 | 178 (82.0) | 30 (75.0) | 47 (81.0) | 51 (78.5) | 50 (92.6) | 0.252 |
| > 5.5 | 32 (14.7) | 9 (22.5) | 8 (13.8) | 11 (16.9) | 4 (7.4) | |
| TNF-γ (pg/mL), n (%) | Normal range | 0–17.3 | 0–17.3 | 0–17.3 | 0–17.3 | |
| Missing data | 7 (3.2) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 0–17.3 | 202 (93.1) | 34 (85.0) | 53 (91.4) | 61 (93.8) | 54 (100) | 0.023 |
| > 17.3 | 8 (3.7) | 5 (12.5) | 2 (3.4) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Inflammatory related markers | ||||||
| CRP (mg/L), n (%) | Normal range | 0–3 | 0–3 | 0–3 | 0–3 | |
| Missing data | 28 (12.9) | 6 (15.0) | 7 (12.1) | 9 (13.8) | 6 (11.1) | |
| 0–3 | 149 (68.7) | 24 (60.0) | 43 (74.1) | 46 (70.8) | 36 (66.7) | 0.748 |
| > 3 | 40 (18.4) | 10 (25.0) | 8 (13.8) | 10 (15.4) | 12 (22.2) | |
| LD (U/L), n (%) | Normal range | 120–300 | 120–300 | 120–300 | 120–300 | |
| Missing data | 10 (4.6) | 2 (5.0) | 2 (3.4) | 4 (6.2) | 2 (3.7) | |
| < 120 | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0.002 |
| 120–300 | 156 (71.9) | 20 (50.0) | 37 (63.8) | 51 (78.5) | 48 (88.9) | |
| > 300 | 50 (23.0) | 18 (45.0) | 18 (31.0) | 10 (15.4) | 4 (7.4) | |
| Globulin (g/L), n (%) | Normal range | 20–40 | 20–40 | 20–40 | 20–40 | |
| Missing data | 11 (5.1) | 5 (12.5) | 2 (3.4) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (5.6) | |
| < 20 | 51 (23.5) | 17 (42.5) | 23 (39.7) | 7 (10.8) | 4 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
| 20–40 | 153 (70.5) | 17 (42.5) | 33 (56.9) | 57 (87.7) | 46 (85.2) | |
| > 40 | 2 (0.9) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | |
| PCT (ng/mL), n (%) | Normal range | 0–0.05 | 0–0.05 | 0–0.05 | 0–0.05 | |
| Missing data | 10 (4.6) | 1 (2.5) | 4 (6.9) | 3 (4.6) | 2 (3.7) | |
| 0–0.05 | 107 (49.3) | 11 (27.5) | 30 (51.7) | 32 (49.2) | 34 (63.0) | 0.027 |
| > 0.05 | 100 (46.1) | 28 (70.0) | 24 (41.4) | 30 (46.2) | 18 (33.3) | |
Normal range (age-adjusted) of each item has been shown in bold. NK natural killer, Ig immunoglobulin, IL interleukin, TNF tumor necrosis factor, CRP C-reactive protein, LD lactate dehydrogenase, PCT procalcitonin