Table 1.
Demographics and clinical features of native and allograft COVID-19 kidney biopsies, compared to pre-pandemic native and allograft kidney biopsies
| Parameter | Native |
Pre-pandemic native |
Transplant |
Pre-pandemic transplant |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % Total | N | % Total | N | % Total | N | % Total | |
| Number of biopsies | 240 | 429 | 44 | 71 | ||||
| Age, yr, (range) | 53.7 (11–84) | 56.3 (2–94) | 36.6 (12–66) | 52.6 (4–79) | ||||
| Sex | F: 103 M: 137 |
42.9 57.1 |
F: 192 M: 237 |
44.8 55.2 |
F: 22 M: 22 |
50.0 50.0 |
F: 21 M: 50 |
29.6 70.4 |
| Days between diagnosis and biopsy (range) | 22.3 (0–90) | NA | 21.9 (0–85) | NA | ||||
| Severity of infection | NA | NA | ||||||
| Mild | 39 | 16.3 | 10 | 22.7 | ||||
| Moderate | 87 | 36.3 | 20 | 45.5 | ||||
| Severe | 82 | 34.2 | 8 | 18.2 | ||||
| Unknown | 32 | 13.3 | 6 | 13.6 | ||||
| Race | ||||||||
| African American | 107 | 44.6 | 66 | 15.4 | 15 | 34.1 | 14 | 19.7 |
| Caucasian | 45 | 18.8 | 207 | 48.3 | 9 | 20.5 | 33 | 46.5 |
| Native American | 5 | 2.1 | 8 | 1.9 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 1.4 |
| Hispanic | 15 | 6.3 | 20 | 4.7 | 8 | 18.2 | 4 | 5.6 |
| Asian/Indian | 11 | 4.6 | 12 | 2.8 | 4 | 9.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown | 57 | 23.8 | 116 | 27.0 | 7 | 15.9 | 19 | 26.8 |
| Comorbidities (≥1) | 205 | 85.4 | 326 | 76.0 | 44 | 100.0 | 71 | 100.0 |
| Obesity | 89 | 37.1 | 110 | 25.6 | 7 | 15.9 | 9 | 12.7 |
| DM | 97 | 40.4 | 127 | 29.6 | 12 | 27.3 | 24 | 33.8 |
| HTN | 174 | 72.5 | 273 | 63.6 | 23 | 52.3 | 33 | 46.5 |
| CKD | 89 | 37.1 | 199 | 46.4 | 44 | 100.0 | 71 | 100.0 |
| Biopsy indication | AKI: 74 AKI on CKD: 35 Proteinuria: 21 AKI and proteinuria: 81 Hematuria and proteinuria: 7 Hematuria: 6 CKD: 12 Unknown: 4 |
30.8 14.6 8.8 33.8 2.9 2.5 5.0 1.7 |
AKI: 81 AKI on CKD: 53 Proteinuria: 113 AKI and proteinuria: 94 Hematuria and proteinuria: 35 Hematuria: 10 CKD: 38 Unknown: 5 |
18.9 12.4 26.3 21.9 8.2 2.3 8.9 1.2 |
Rule out rejection: 38 Delayed graft function: 4 Protocol: 1 Hematuria: 1 |
86.4 9.1 2.3 2.3 |
Rule out rejection: 54 Delayed graft function: 4 Protocol: 7 Proteinuria: 5 Unknown: 1 |
76.1 5.6 9.9 7.0 1.4 |
| Creatinine level, mg/dl (range) | 5.69 (0.32–30.74) Unknown: 9 |
3.24 (104–20.6) Unknown: 83 |
4.21 (0.73–23.0) Unknown: 7 |
2.80 (0.6–11.5) Unknown: 13 |
||||
| Proteinuria (non-nephrotic) | 83 | 34.6 | 155 | 36.1 | 23 | 52.3 | 18 | 25.4 |
| Nephrotic range | 104 | 43.3 | 155 | 36.1 | 3 | 6.8 | 11 | 15.5 |
| No proteinuria | 3 | 1.3 | 22 | 5.1 | 5 | 11.4 | 12 | 16.9 |
| Unknown | 50 | 20.8 | 97 | 22.6 | 13 | 29.5 | 30 | 42.3 |
| Hematuria | 100 | 41.7 | 158 | 36.8 | 14 | 31.8 | 14 | 19.7 |
| None | 17 | 7.1 | 61 | 14.2 | 7 | 15.9 | 16 | 22.5 |
| Unknown | 123 | 51.3 | 210 | 49.0 | 23 | 52.3 | 41 | 57.7 |
| Need for RRT | ||||||||
| Yes | 71 | 29.6 | 32 | 7.5 | 3 | 6.8 | 1 | 1.4 |
| No | 55 | 22.9 | 166 | 38.7 | 18 | 40.9 | 25 | 35.2 |
| Unknown | 114 | 47.5 | 231 | 53.8 | 23 | 52.3 | 45 | 63.4 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COVID, coronavirus disease 2019; DM, diabetes mellitus; F, female; HTN, hypertension; M, male; NA, not applicable; RRT, renal replacement therapy.