Table 1.

ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA)-level clinical and socio-economic characteristics by a proportion of multigenerational households and proportion of overcrowded households, in quartiles.

Quartile cut-offs	Proportion of Multigenerational Householdsg, in quartiles				Proportion of Overcrowded Householdsh, in quartiles
	First	Second	Third	Fourth	First	Second	Third	Fourth
	0 to ⩽ 2.34%	2.34 to ⩽ 5.06%	5.06 to ⩽ 7.02%	7.02 to ⩽ 13.48%	0.58 to ⩽ 4.37%	4.37 to ⩽ 6.88%	6.88 to ⩽ 10.33%	10.3 to ⩽ 29.64%
Total suspected COVID-19 casesa, March 1–30, 2020	4006	8170	12,021	15,726	3665	8139	9893	18,226
ZCTA-level COVID-19 clinical factorsd, %
Prevalence of hypertension	21.44	27.64	29.43	31.34	24.41	28.75	29.22	28.98
Prevalence of diabetes	6.78	10.46	11.65	13.00	7.91	10.65	11.47	12.26
Prevalence of coronary heart disease	4.10	5.50	5.86	5.77	4.74	5.16	5.61	5.86
Prevalence of obesityb	16.44	23.35	26.03	29.51	18.89	25.60	25.03	26.99
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	3.82	5.59	6.31	6.07	4.57	5.43	5.83	6.18
Prevalence of smokingc	10.99	15.75	17.73	18.29	12.37	15.68	16.76	18.27
ZCTA-level socio-economic characteristicse
Proportion of White residents, %	71.93	51.28	42.84	21.07	71.17	43.36	36.90	33.83
Proportion below federal poverty line, %	11.03	18.88	21.45	25.36	10.06	16.60	21.17	27.12
Median income, USD 2018	104,795	63,886	55,564	50,816	100,086	72,101	58,120	46,150
Proportion of essential workersf, %	22.54	25.99	27.48	27.89	24.82	27.42	26.85	26.17

^aSuspected COVID-19 cases defined as influenza-like illness and pneumonia cases taken from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Syndromic Surveillance.

^bObesity defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m².

^cSmoking defined as residents ≥18 years who are currently smoking.

^dDerived from Centers of Disease Control 500 Cities Project.

^eDerived from 2018 American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

^fEssential worker roles defined using service-oriented, non-public Census Industrial Codes derived from methods described elsewhere.¹⁸

^gMultigenerational households defined as the estimated number of residences occupied by grandparents and a grandchild less than 18 years of age.

^hOver-crowded households defined as an estimated number of housing units with more than one occupant per room, divided by the number of occupied housing units, expressed as a percentage.