Table 2.
Responses to Knowledge Questions by Gender
| Item no. | Topic | Response a | Prevalence of selecting response (n [%]) | p Value b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall sample (n = 576) | Female (n = 358) | Male (n = 218) | ||||
| 1 | T‐score threshold for diagnosis of osteoporosis | T‐score ≤ −2.5 | 442 (77%) | 289 (81%) | 153 (70%) | 0.004 |
| T‐score < −1 | 8 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 4 (2%) | |||
| Z‐score < −1 | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | |||
| Z‐score < −2.5 | 124 (22%) | 64 (18%) | 60 (28%) | |||
| Missing | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 2 | Prevalence of osteoporosis‐related fractures in older women | 10% | 127 (22%) | 84 (23%) | 43 (20%) | |
| 20% | 356 (62%) | 224 (63%) | 132 (61%) | |||
| 50% | 91 (16%) | 48 (13%) | 43 (20%) | 0.04 | ||
| Missing | 2 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 3 | Mortality after hip fracture | Greater in women than in men | 372 (65%) | 232 (65%) | 140 (64%) | |
| Greater in men than in women | 58 (10%) | 30 (8%) | 28 (13%) | 0.08 | ||
| Equal in men and women | 145 (25%) | 95 (27%) | 50 (23%) | |||
| Missing | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 4 | Proportion of hip fracture patients who regain pre‐fracture level of independence | 5% | 185 (32%) | 119 (33%) | 66 (30%) | |
| 20% | 273 (47%) | 165 (46%) | 108 (50%) | |||
| 40% | 117 (20%) | 73 (20%) | 44 (20%) | 0.95 | ||
| Missing | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 5 | Age to begin routine bone density screening in women (United States Preventive Services Task Force) | When they begin their menopausal transition | 10 (2%) | 5 (1%) | 5 (2%) | |
| One year after the menopausal transition | 33 (6%) | 13 (4%) | 20 (9%) | |||
| At age 65 years | 464 (81%) | 304 (85%) | 160 (73%) | <0.001 | ||
| At age 50 years | 66 (11%) | 34 (9%) | 32 (15%) | |||
| Missing | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (0%) | |||
| 6 | Osteoporosis screening in men (United States Preventive Services Task Force) | Screen beginning at age 50 years | 10 (2%) | 4 (1%) | 6 (3%) | |
| Screen beginning at age 70 years | 75 (13%) | 48 (13%) | 27 (12%) | |||
| Insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening | 430 (75%) | 263 (73%) | 167 (77%) | 0.4 | ||
| None of the above | 60 (10%) | 42 (12%) | 18 (8%) | |||
| 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
| 7 | Minimal‐trauma hip fracture is diagnostic of osteoporosis | Osteoporosis | 115 (20%) | 65 (18%) | 50 (23%) | 0.16 |
| Osteopenia | 39 (7%) | 24 (7%) | 15 (7%) | |||
| Unclear, requires further studies | 421 (73%) | 268 (75%) | 153 (70%) | |||
| Missing | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 8 | Osteoporosis medications demonstrated in clinical trials to decrease hip fracture risk | Calcitonin | 30 (5%) | 20 (6%) | 10 (5%) | |
| Raloxifene | 228 (40%) | 169 (47%) | 59 (27%) | |||
| Abaloparatide | 109 (19%) | 54 (15%) | 55 (25%) | |||
| None of the above | 208 (36%) | 114 (32%) | 94 (43%) | 0.006 | ||
| Missing | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 9 | First‐line therapy for osteoporosis (American College of Physicians guidelines) | Raloxifene | 137 (24%) | 94 (26%) | 43 (20%) | |
| Estrogen therapy | 29 (5%) | 16 (4%) | 13 (6%) | |||
| Calcitonin | 25 (4%) | 19 (5%) | 6 (3%) | |||
| None of the above | 384 (67%) | 228 (64%) | 156 (72%) | 0.05 | ||
| Missing | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 10 | Optimal duration of osteoporosis pharmacotherapy | Optimal duration of treatment is unclear | 365 (63%) | 221 (62%) | 144 (66%) | 0.3 |
| Treatment duration is usually 10 years | 91 (16%) | 59 (16%) | 32 (15%) | |||
| Adverse effects are not duration‐dependent | 40 (7%) | 23 (6%) | 17 (8%) | |||
| None of the above | 78 (14%) | 54 (15%) | 24 (11%) | |||
| Missing | 2 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | |||
| 11 | Drug holiday definition | A switch from one osteoporosis medication to another | 9 (2%) | 3 (1%) | 6 (3%) | |
| A temporary discontinuation of pharmacotherapy | 444 (77%) | 279 (78%) | 165 (76%) | 0.53 | ||
| All of the above | 122 (21%) | 75 (21%) | 47 (22%) | |||
| Missing | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 12 | Most rapid bone density decline after discontinuation | Denosumab | 232 (40%) | 131 (37%) | 101 (46%) | 0.02 |
| Risedronate | 78 (14%) | 47 (13%) | 31 (14%) | |||
| Alendronate | 263 (46%) | 178 (50%) | 85 (39%) | |||
| Missing | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (0%) | |||
| 13 | Medications associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw | Denosumab | 105 (18%) | 64 (18%) | 41 (19%) | |
| Alendronate | 382 (66%) | 244 (68%) | 138 (63%) | |||
| All of the above | 88 (15%) | 49 (14%) | 39 (18%) | 0.17 | ||
| Missing | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 14 | Characteristics of bisphosphonate‐associated atypical femoral fractures | They are associated with use of raloxifene | 48 (8%) | 29 (8%) | 19 (9%) | |
| They are duration‐dependent | 242 (42%) | 159 (44%) | 83 (38%) | 0.13 | ||
| They occur in 10% of patients | 153 (27%) | 92 (26%) | 61 (28%) | |||
| None of the above | 128 (22%) | 76 (21%) | 52 (24%) | |||
| Missing | 5 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 3 (1%) | |||
a
Boldface indicates correct responses.
b
The p values are calculated using chi‐square tests for comparison of correct answers between males and females.