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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Psychophysiol. 2021 Jun 15;167:1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.004

Table 4.

Sex Differences (mean ± SD)

Male (n=39) Female (n=53) p-value Cohen’s d
Age 66.65 ± 8.32 64.67 ± 6.66 .259 0.26
BPI Severity 2.92 ± 2.02 3.33 ± 1.85 .212 0.21
BPI Interference 3.32 ± 2.18 3.77 ± 2.46 .445 0.19
PCS 10.50 ± 9.32 13.49 ± 11.48 .291 0.29
Anxiety (PROMIS) 12.36 ± 5.7 14.45 ± 4.57 .023 0.40
Depression (PROMIS) 11.44 ± 5.02 12.00 ± 3.89 .167 0.12
Pain Threshold 759.85 ± 231.92 554.28 ± 155.76 .000 1.04
Sleep Quality (PSQI) .94 ± .791 1.20 ± .91 .195 0.30
CAR .05 ±.08 .01 ± .09 .029 0.47
AUCG .17 ± .14 .09 ± .10 .029 0.66

Note: PCS: Pain Catastrophizing; BPI: Brief Pain Inventory; PROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (T-Score); PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; CAR: Cortisol Awakening Response; AUCG: Area under the curve with respect to ground, Total post-awakening cortisol levels.