Table 4.

Data on children's quality of life assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL,) version 4.0, compared to standards obtained from a normal population and from a population of chronically ill children.

PedsQL scales	n	Mean	sd	Mean in a population of healthy individuals#	Student's t (df = 11)	p	Mean in a population of chronically ill individuals#	Student's t (df = 11)	p
Total	12	58.5	15.5	81.1	−5.04	≤0.001*	71.6	−2.92	0.01*
Physical	12	50.3	22.6	85.6	−5.41	≤0.001*	78.0	−4.30	0.001*
Psychosocial	12	62.9	15.1	78.7	−3.61	0.004*	68.0	−1.16	0.27
Emotional	12	66.3	19.8	74.8	−1.50	0.16	64.9	0.25	0.81
Social	12	61.7	15.1	83.5	−4.99	≤0.001*	72.3	−2.42	0.03*
School	12	60.9	20.1	77.8	−2.92	0.01*	66.8	−1.03	0.33

^#Norms Varni et al. (29) (the PedsQL as a population health measure);

^*the correlation is significant to the level 0.05 (bilateral); n, number; sd, standard deviation; df, degree of freedom.