Table 5.
Demographic and clinical characteristics per class.
| Class with only Axis II diagnosis (n = 217) | Class with multiple problems (n = 188) | Antisocial class (n = 134) | Psychotic class (n = 124) | Intellectually disabled class (n = 59) | Test statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age at admission in years (SE) | 30.67 (9.17) | 34.12 (9.48) | 31.47 (8.69) | 32.66 (10.03) | 33.55 (8.56) | F(4,717) = 4.070* |
| Mean age at discharge in years (SE) | 40.01 (9.59) | 42.67 (9.61) | 39.77 (9.01) | 41.03 (9.88) | 41.59 (8.38) | F(4,712) = 2.714* |
| Nationality (%) | χ2 = 9.777* | |||||
| Dutch | 29.0% | 25.0% | 17.6% | 14.8% | 6.1% | |
| Other | 1.2% | 1.7% | 1.7% | 2.1% | 0.8% | |
| Violent recidivists within 2 years after release (%) | 3.1% | 4.2% | 5.4% | 2.5% | 1.3% | χ2 = 18.663* |
| Axis I diagnosis (%) | ||||||
| Developmental disorders (7.9%) | 0.0% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.2% | 0.8% | χ2 = 29.395** |
| Mood disorder (7.6%) | 0.0% | 4.0% | 1.1% | 1.7% | 0.8% | χ2 = 36.116** |
| Substance use disorders (42.9%) | 0.0% | 18.0% | 14.9% | 6.1% | 3.9% | χ2 = 286.730** |
| Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (24.7%) | 0.0% | 6.3% | 5.3%% | 9.6% | 3.5% | χ2 = 154.681** |
| Other axis I diagnoses (13.2%) | 0.0% | 6.1% | 4.6% | 1.4% | 1.1% | χ2 = 65.732** |
| Axis II diagnosis (%) | ||||||
| Cluster A PDs (3.5%) | 1.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.9% | χ2 = 107.798** |
| Cluster B PDs (27.7%) | 7.2% | 0.0% | 19.3% | 0.0% | 1.2% | χ2 = 487.441** |
| Cluster C PDs (3.0%) | 1.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.8% | χ2 = 104.297** |
| PD not otherwise specified (42.2%) | 14.8% | 26.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.8% | χ2 = 477.059** |
| Multiple PDs (2.5%) | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% | χ2 = 106.807** |
| Intellectual disability (14.4%) | 3.7% | 3.3% | 1.9% | 1.1% | 4.4% | χ2 = 97.114** |
n, number of participants; PD, personality disorder.
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.001.