Table 3.

Linear mixed-effect model: effect of language, digit span (backward), grade envelope enhancement (EE) and group on speech perception

Fixed effect terms	Estimate	SE	df	t value	p
Natural speech
(Intercept)	− 8.333	0.826	58	− 10.093	< 0.001
Language	0.018	0.026	58	0.701	0.486
Backward	0.042	0.077	58	0.551	0.584
Grade	− 0.331	0.131	58	− 2.528	0.014
EE (with)	− 0.535	0.107	58	− 4.982	< 0.001
Group (DR)	0.545	0.219	58	2.481	0.016
Vocoded speech
(Intercept)	2.023	2.326	54.10	0.869	0.388
Language	0.049	0.076	54	0.647	0.520
Backward	− 0.099	0.218	54	− 0.453	0.652
Grade	− 1.248	0.373	54	− 3.341	0.002
EE (with)	− 0.389	0.143	54	− 2.726	0.009
Group (DR)	0.427	0.634	54	0.673	0.504