Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants according to the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or sarcopenia. Data are presented as means ± standard errors or percent.
| Without NAFLD | With NAFLD | P (NAFLD vs without NAFLD) | Without sarcopenia | With sarcopenia | P (Sarcopenia vs without Sarcopenia | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1732 | 714 | 2022 | 444 | ||
| Age, years | 66.6 ± 0.1 | 66.6 ± 0.2 | 0.711 | 66.4 ± 0.2 | 67.9 ± 0.4 | 0.001 |
| Men, % | 41.4 | 45.0 | 0.175 | 40.8 | 56.6 | < 0.001 |
| Race-ethnicity, % | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 82.9 | 86. 0 | 0.839 | 84.4 | 80.0 | 0.143 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 8.8 | 6.2 | 0.004 | 7.5 | 11.4 | 0.053 |
| Mexican American | 2.3 | 3.4 | 0.028 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 0.071 |
| Smoking, % | 58.5 | 60.8 | 0.518 | 56.7 | 74.4 | < 0.001 |
| Education, years | 11.6 ± 0.2 | 11.1 ± 0.2 | 0.002 | 11.6 ± 0.2 | 10.4 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.5 ± 0.2 | 30.0 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | 27.8 ± 0.2 | 25.6 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 95.2 ± 0.5 | 104.8 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 | 98.2 ± 0.4 | 96.5 ± 0.9 | 0.106 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 134.5 ± 0.6 | 140.0 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 | 135.8 ± 0.6 | 137.6 ± 1.5 | 0.322 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74.8 ± 0.3 | 75.3 ± 0.5 | 0.299 | 74.9 ± 0.3 | 74.8 ± 0.8 | 0.860 |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/l | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 0.703 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.7 ± 0.0 | 6.2 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | 5.8 ± 0.0 | 5.8 ± 0.1 | 0.643 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.8 ± 0.0 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 0.181 | 5.9 ± 0.0 | 5.8 ± 0.1 | 0.706 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.7 ± 0.0 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 0.393 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.4 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.0 | 0.173 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 0.218 | 3.7 ± 0.0 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 0.430 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.932 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.037 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 6.0 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 0.451 |
| Gait speed, m/s | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.344 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle index, kg/m2 | 8.8 ± 0.1 | 8.2 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | 8.5 ± 0.1 | 8.0 ± 0.1 | 0.003 |
NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.