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. 2021 Aug 2;11:15612. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95122-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cell type- and region-specificity of AMD risk genes. (A) Heatmap showing expression levels of AMD risk genes by cell type. Color in the heatmap represents expression intensity with red signifying higher expression in units of z-score. Left panel: AMD associated genes identified by loss- or gain-of-function mutations or by GWAS³. Right panel: target genes based on TWAS analysis listed³⁴.Three AMD risk genes in the complement pathway, CFH, C3 and CFI, were highlighted. (B) boxplot shows expression level of CFH, C3 and CFI across cell types and retina regions. The pie chart show the percentage of cells expressing the gene in a particular region and cell type.