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. 2021 Aug 2;11:15612. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95122-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cell-type deconvolution analysis from bulk RNA-seq data. Cell-type proportions for each bulk RNA-seq sample were estimated using MuSiC with the scRNA-seq data as reference. (A) Estimated cell-type proportions for the EyeGEx peripheral retina bulk RNA-samples with four stages of AMD (MGS1: 105; MGS2: 175; MGS3: 112; MGS4: 61). (B) Estimated cell-type proportions for the UAB peripheral retina bulk RNA-seq samples (control: 8; early AMD: 4; geographic atrophy, a advanced stage of AMD: 3). (C) Estimated cell-type proportions for the UAB macular retina bulk RNA-seq samples (control: 6; early AMD: 4; advanced AMD: 3). Note the similarity in (a) and (b) with respect to cell proportion increase in astrocytes and decrease in rods in peripheral retina as AMD progresses. Larger differences are noted in both cell types in macula along with additional increases in Müller glia, microglia and vascular endothelium as AMD progresses. (D) Cell-type proportion changes in the UAB macula retina samples for highlighted cell types.