Table 2: Mean physical factors of the dominant shoulder for athletes with previous injuries and results of statistical comparisons.

Variable		Previous injury (n=18)	No previous injury (n=21)	Significance (p-value)	Effect size g [95% CI]
Strength	ER (Nm/kg)	0.43 (0.10)	0.38 (0.11)	0.12	0.45 [-0.20, 1.09]
	IR (Nm/kg)	0.62 (0.15)	0.54 (0.13)	0.04	0.60 [-0.05, 1.25]
	ER/IR ratio	0.70 (0.10)	0.72 (0.11)	0.60	-0.16 [-0.79, 0.48]
ROM	ER (°)	105.1 (11.0)	104.8 (11.6)	0.93	0.03 [-0.61, 0.67]
	IR (°)	52.0 (10.2)	52.9 (11.7)	0.80	-0.08 [-0.72, 0.56]
	Total rotation(°)	157.1 (12.5)	157.7 (14.7)	0.90	-0.04 [-0.68, 0.60]
	ER gain (°)	7.7 (8.3)	5.1 (8.6)	0.35	0.30 [-0.34, 0.94]
	IR loss (°)	9.9 (9.1)	4.1 (7.5)	0.04	0.68 [0.03, 1.34]
Scapular alignment	UR (°)	11.4 (3.0)	11.8 (3.7)	0.70	-0.12 [-0.76, 0.52]

ER = external rotation, IR = internal rotation, ER:IR = ratio of external over internal rotation, ROM = range of motion, UR = upward rotation.