TABLE 1.
Composition of experimental diets (as-fed basis).
| Ingredientsa,% | Pre-care period | Late-care period | ||||||||
| 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.80 | |
| Waxy corn starch | 54.80 | 45.21 | 38.36 | 33.43 | 29.32 | 53.54 | 44.17 | 37.48 | 32.66 | 28.64 |
| Hi-maize 1,043 | − | 9.59 | 16.44 | 21.37 | 25.48 | − | 9.37 | 16.06 | 20.88 | 24.90 |
| Soybean meal | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 |
| Full-fat extruded soybean | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| Fermented soybean meal | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| Fish meal | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.80 | 5.80 | 5.80 | 5.80 | 5.80 |
| Whey, dried | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Plasma protein powder | 4.84 | 4.84 | 4.84 | 4.84 | 4.84 | − | − | − | − | − |
| Monocalcium phosphate | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.33 |
| Soybean oil | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | − | − | − | − | − |
| Premixb | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 |
| Choline chloride | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| Limestone | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.72 |
| DL-Lysine | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| DL-Methionine | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| Salt | − | − | − | − | − | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Calculated nutrient contentc | ||||||||||
| Amylose/amylopectin ratiod | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.80 |
| Digestive energy, kcal/kg | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,408 | 3,408 | 3,408 | 3,408 | 3,408 |
| Crude protein,% | 18.50 | 18.50 | 18.50 | 18.50 | 18.50 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 |
| Ca,% | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 |
| Av.P,% | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| Salt,% | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Amino acids,%SIDe | ||||||||||
| Lys | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.31 |
| TSAA | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 |
| Thr | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 |
| Trp | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
aDAR of waxy corn starch and Hi-maize 1,043 were 0.00 and 1.00, respectively.
bVitamin–mineral premix supplied per kilogram of feed: 10,000 IU of vitamin A, 1,000 IU of vitamin D3, 80 IU of vitamin E, 2.0 mg of vitamin K3, 0.03 mg of vitamin B12, 12 mg of riboflavin, 40 mg of niacin, 25 mg of D-pantothenic acid, 0.25 mg of biotin, 1.6 mg of folic acid, 3.0 mg of thiamine, 2.25 mg of pyridoxine, 300 mg of choline chloride, 150 mg of Fe (FeSO4), 100 mg of Zn (ZnSO4), 30 mg of Mn (MnSO4), 25 mg of Cu (CuSO4), 0.5 mg of I (KIO3), 0.3 mg of Co (CoSO4), 0.3 mg of Se (Na2SeO3), and 4.0 mg of ethoxyquin.
cNutrient content of diets based on estimated nutrient contents of ingredients according to NRC (2012).
dAnalyzed data. Amylose and amylopectin contents were determined by using their assay kits (l-AMYL, Megazyme International Ireland Ltd., Wicklow, Ireland).
eSID, standardized ileal digestible.