Table 3.
Characteristics and clinical findings in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM).
| Study, year | Subjects | Patients with DM | HbA1c | Mean age | Clinical finding (comorbidities) | Manifestations | Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alessi et al., 2020 (Alessi and others 2020) | 120 | 120 | 75 mmol/mol | 54.8 | Psychological distress | – | – |
| Chen et al., 2020 (Chen and others 2020c) | 208 | 96 (46.2%) (type 2) | – | ≥45 | 1) HTN: (DM+: 58.3%, DM-: 31.2%), 2) CAD: (DM+: 17.1%, DM-: 8.0%) 3) CKD: (DM+: 62%, DM-: 0%) |
1) Ground-glass opacity: (DM+: 85.6%, DM-: 64.9%) 2) Bilateral patchy shadowing (DM+: 76.7, DM-: 37.8%) |
1) BS (mmol/L): (DM+: 7.2, DM-:5.46) 2) LDL (mmol/L): (DM+: 2.2, DM-: 1.75) 3) SBP (mmHg): (DM+: 130, DM-:122) |
| Chung et al., 2020 (Chung and others 2020) | 110 | 29 | – | DM+: 66.3 ± 8.9, DM-: 53.5 ± 17.9 (p < 0.001) | Higher rates of HTN, severity score, and highly progressed to SCO | – | Higher levels of inflammation-related biomarkers, SBP, and DBP |
| Fisher et al., 2020 (Fisher and others 2020) | 1382 | 763 T1Ds and 619 T2Ds | T1D: 6.9 ± 1.0, T2D: 7.1 ± 1.1. | T1D: 53.3 ± 15.3, T2D: 64.9 ± 10.3 |
Increased diabetes-related stress | – | – |
| Kim et al., 2020 (Kim and others 2020) | 1082 | 235 | – | – | Patients with DM, especially with age ≥ 70 years exhibited higher mortality | – | – |
| Fox et al., 2021 (Fox and others 2021) | 355 | 47% | – | >18 | Diabetes lead to severe disease, only age was an independent index for death rate The need for RRT/HD (DM+: 21%, DM-: 11%), The need for vasopressors: (DM+: 28%, DM-: 18%) |
– | 1) Peak inflammatory markers like CRP: (DM+: 184, DM-: 142) 2) Peak LDH: (DM+: 560, DM-: 499) |
Abbreviations: HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus; T1D: type 1 Diabetes; T2D: type 2 Diabetes; CAD: Coronary artery disease; SCO: severe and critical outcome; BS: Blood sugar; LDH: Lactate Dehydrogenase; SBP: systolic blood pressure; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; RRT/HD: renal replacement therapy/hemodialysis.