Table 1. Yearly Baseline Characteristics of Ontario Nursing Home Residents During Study Perioda.
| Characteristic | March cohort | Standardized differenceb | |||||
| 2017 cohort (n = 76 275)c | 2018 cohort (n = 75 850)d | 2019 cohort (n = 76 412)e | 2020 cohort (n = 76 549)f | 2020 vs 2017 | 2020 vs 2018 | 2020 vs 2019 | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 83.4 (10.8) | 83.4 (10.8) | 83.4 (10.8) | 83.4 (10.8) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Age group, y | |||||||
| 18-64 | 5131 (6.7) | 5044 (6.6) | 4973 (6.5) | 4960 (6.5) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| 65-74 | 8540 (11.2) | 8648 (11.4) | 9086 (11.9) | 9351 (12.2) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 75-84 | 20 441 (26.8) | 20 524 (27.1) | 20 550 (26.9) | 20 650 (27.0) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| ≥85 | 42 163 (55.3) | 41 634 (54.9) | 41 803 (54.7) | 41 588 (54.3) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 52 898 (69.4) | 52 462 (69.2) | 52 661 (68.9) | 52 443 (68.5) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Male | 23 377 (30.6) | 23 388 (30.8) | 23 751 (31.1) | 24 106 (31.5) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Frailty | |||||||
| Robust | 10 380 (13.6) | 9774 (12.9) | 9644 (12.6) | 9278 (12.1) | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Prefrail | 22 327 (29.3) | 22 190 (29.3) | 22 406 (29.3) | 22 924 (29.9) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Frail | 43 568 (57.1) | 43 886 (57.9) | 44 362 (58.1) | 44 347 (57.9) | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Dementia | 48 669 (63.8) | 48 617 (64.1) | 48 649 (63.7) | 48 502 (63.4) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 20 779 (27.2) | 20 703 (27.3) | 20 970 (27.4) | 21 128 (27.6) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| CHF | 8493 (11.1) | 8463 (11.2) | 8514 (11.1) | 8558 (11.2) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Hypertension | 48 803 (64.0) | 48 427 (63.8) | 48 811 (63.9) | 48 815 (63.8) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Arteriosclerotic heart disease | 11 432 (15.0) | 11 284 (14.9) | 11 363 (14.9) | 11 422 (14.9) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Stroke | 15 600 (20.5) | 15 550 (20.5) | 15 375 (20.1) | 14 995 (19.6) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cancer | 6326 (8.3) | 6331 (8.3) | 6612 (8.7) | 6789 (8.9) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| COPD | 11 299 (14.8) | 11 111 (14.6) | 10 995 (14.4) | 10 809 (14.1) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Arthritis | 34 184 (44.8) | 34 289 (45.2) | 33 710 (44.1) | 32 987 (43.1) | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Depression | 25 374 (33.3) | 25 081 (33.1) | 25 250 (33.0) | 25 264 (33.0) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Seizure disorder | 4629 (6.1) | 4669 (6.2) | 4720 (6.2) | 4661 (6.1) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a
Unless indicated otherwise, data are expressed as No. (%) of patients. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.
b
A threshold of 0.10 was selected a priori to represent a clinically meaningful difference; no characteristics in any year-to-year comparison reached this threshold.
c
Observation week was March 5 to 11, 2017.
d
Observation week was March 4 to 10, 2018.
e
Observation week was March 3 to 9, 2019.
f
Observation week was March 1 to 7, 2020.