HIF-2⍺ suppresses anti-inflammatory macrophage mitochondrial metabolism. (A) IL-10 production by BMDMs or peritoneal elicited macrophages (PMac) from mice with myeloid-specific deletion of Hif1 (mHIF1−/−), Hif2 (mHIF2−/−), both Hif1 and Hif2 (mHIF1/2−/−), or controls after efferocytosis of ACs. Nonengulfed cells were removed from adherent phagocytes. n = 3 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of more than three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. (B) IL-10 production by BMDMs from mice with myeloid-specific overexpression of HIF-2⍺ (mHIF2LSL) or controls after efferocytosis of ACs. n = 5 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. *, P < 0.05 by two-tailed, unpaired t test. (C) Efferocytosis of calcein-labeled ACs (green) by MitoTracker-labeled BMDMs (red). Scale bar, 10 µm. n = 3 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of three independent experiments. ns, two-tailed, unpaired t test. (D) OCR with quantification of mitochondrial respiration by untreated (⍉) or efferocytic (AC) BMDMs. n = 6–8 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of three independent experiments. ***, P < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. AA/Ro, antimycin A/rotenone. (E) Expression of genes involved in fatty acid storage, synthesis, and oxidation in untreated mHIF2−/− BMDMs or controls. n = 3 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 by two-tailed, unpaired t test. (F) Expression of Hilpda in untreated BMDMs. n = 5 sets of cells/group. Data represent three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. (G) IL-10 levels in cell culture medium after cocultivation of ACs and mHIF2−/− BMDMs treated with control or Cpt1a siRNA. n = 3 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. **, P < 0.01 by two-tailed, unpaired t test. (H) OCR with quantification of mitochondrial respiration by vehicle or TOFA-treated efferocytic BMDMs. n = 8 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05 by two-tailed, unpaired t test. (I) IL-10 production by vehicle (Veh) or TOFA-treated efferocytic BMDMs. n = 5 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of three independent experiments. ***, P < 0.001 by two-tailed, unpaired t test. (J) BODIPY levels in BMDMs after cocultivation of BMDMs with BODIPY FL C16-labeled ACs. n = 3 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. ***, P < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. (K) BODIPY staining in BMDMs after cocultivation of BMDMs with BODIPY FL C16-labeled ACs with quantification of lipid droplets (LD) per cell. Arrows indicate lipid droplets in BMDM. Scale bar, 10 µm. n = 4 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05 by two-tailed, unpaired t test. (L) OCR with quantification of mitochondrial respiration by control or Hilpda siRNA-treated efferocytic BMDMs. n = 7–11 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 by two-tailed, unpaired t test. (M) IL-10 production by control or Hilpda siRNA-treated efferocytic BMDMs. n = 6 sets of cells/group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. ***, P < 0.001 by two-tailed, unpaired t test.