Table 4.
Univariate and Multivariable Analysis to Assess Resilience and Its Associated Factors among Head and Neck Cancer Survivors (n = 250)
| 4a.Univariate Analysis | 4b. Multivariate Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Unadjusted Beta Coefficient (SE) | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | Adjusted Beta Coefficient (SE) | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | ||
| Formal Schooling | Yes (ref) | |||||
| No | - 3.37(1.93) | (−7.18,0.42) * | −0.66(2.04) | (− 4.67,3.36) | ||
| Years of schooling | 0.24(0.18) | (−0.11,0.60) * | NS | NS | ||
| Role in family | Head/ decision makers of the family (ref) | – | – | – | – | |
| Not Head /decision makers of the family | 2.41(1.34) | (−0.288,5.05)* | 1.86(1.11) | (− 0.33,4.05) | ||
| Not head/ not the decision makers of the family | −4.59(2.84) | (−10.21,1.01)* | 0.67 (2.41) | (−4.07, 5.42) | ||
| Family members in the household | Less than 6 (ref) | – | – | – | – | |
| More than 6 | −0.18 (1.30) | (−2.74,2.38)* | −2.30 (1.02) | (−4.31,-0.29)** | ||
| Cardiovascular Disease | Yes | 4.3 (3.30) | (−2.20, 10.80)* | NS | NS | |
| No (ref) | ||||||
| Smokeless Tobacco user | Yes | 9.71(2.86) | (4.06,15.35)* | 10.12(2.20) | (5.79,14.45)** | |
| No | 0.855 (1.32) | (−1.74,3.45) | 1.06 (1.03) | (−0.97, 3.08) | ||
| Ex user (ref) | – | – | ||||
| Family History of any cancer | Yes | - 4.15(1.79) | (−7.67,-0.62)* | NS | NS | |
| No (ref) | ||||||
| Family history of depression | Yes | - 5.49(3.29) | (−11.98,1.00)* | NS | NS | |
| No (ref) | ||||||
| Deaths in the family | Yes | 3.81(2.50) | (−1.11,8.74)* | NS | NS | |
| No (ref) | ||||||
| Patient has Feeding tube | Yes | - 2.90 (1.30) | (−5.47, −0.33)* | NS | NS | |
| No (ref) | ||||||
| Patient has tracheotomy | Yes | - 6.99 (2.41) | (−11.74, −2.24)* | - 3.98 (1.92) | (−7.67,-0.21)** | |
| No (ref) | – | – | – | – | ||
| Patient has urine bag | Yes | −10.66 (7.26) | (− 24.96, 3.64)* | NS | NS | |
| No (ref) | ||||||
| Adjuvant therapy | Chemotherapy | 1.833(3.23) | (−4.53,8.19) | |||
| Radiotherapy | - 0.52(2.00) | (−4.46,3.42) | ||||
| Combination | - 2.68 (1.59) | (−5.82,0.44)* | NS | NS | ||
| No Adjuvant Therapy (ref) | – | – | ||||
| Social Support | <=18 low social support | −10.67(2.42) | (−15.44, −5.90)* | − 5.66(2.01) | (−9.62,-1.71)** | |
| > 18 high social support (ref) | – | – | – | – | ||
| Depression | 0–7(normal) (ref) | – | – | – | – | |
| 8–10(borderline abnormal) | - 7.32 (2.17) | (−11.60, −3.03)* | - 4.39 (2.03) | (−8.41,-0.39)** | ||
| 11–21 (case abnormal) | - 21.80 (2.01) | (−25.76,-17.84)* | - 16.95 (2.04) | (−20.98,-12.93)** | ||
| Anxiety | 0–7(normal) (ref) | – | – | – | – | |
| 8–10(borderline case) | −7.77 (3.67) | (−15.01, −0.53)* | - 6.58(2.97) | (−12.43,-0.73)** | ||
| 11–21(case abnormal) | −23.179 (3.96) | (− 30.983, −15.375)* | − 11.03 (3.47) | (− 17.88, −4.18)** | ||
| Formal schooling * Role in the family | Formal schooling * Head/ decision makers of the family (ref) | – | – | |||
| No formal schooling * Not the head/ decision makers of the family | NA | NA | −0.32(3.08) | (−5.76,6.39) | ||
| No Formal schooling * Not head/ not decision makers of the family | −16.45(5.40) | (−27.08,-5.82)** | ||||
R2 = 0.49
*Significant at p value < 0.025 by univariate linear regression
** Significant at p value < 0.05 by multivariable linear regression
NS (non-significant)
NA (not-applicable)