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. 2021 Aug 3;12:89. doi: 10.1186/s40104-021-00613-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — TLR7/8 signalling mechanisms affect ATP production in X-sperm and Y-sperm of goat, respectively. In Y-sperm, mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production occur regardless of the presence of R848. Thus, Y-sperm showed normal high-speed motility. In X-sperm, the activation of TLR7/8 localised in the sperm tail via phosphorylated NFκB and GSK3α/β, and via a PI3K/AKT-independent mechanism. Then suppressed the activity of hexokinase. As a result, ATP production in X-sperm was decreased under R848 condition. Thus, only X-sperm showed low-speed motility under R848 condition