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. 2021 Aug 3;19:148. doi: 10.1186/s12915-021-01074-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — Decitabine treatment impairs posterior regeneration. a Graphic representation of the stages reached by control worms (normal sea water and DMSO 0.01%) and worms treated with three different concentrations of Decitabine every day for 5 days. Regeneration is delayed for 50 μM and 100 μM Decitabine conditions, from 3 days post-amputation (dpa) onwards, and for 10 μM Decitabine conditions, from 4dpa onwards. Three experiments, mean ± SD. 2-way ANOVA (p value: time p < 0.0001, treatment p < 0.0001, interaction p < 0.0001) with Tukey post hoc test (**: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001; ****: p < 0.0001). The number of worms used for these experiments is indicated in the figure. b Proportions of control and Decitabine-treated worms with different regeneration scores at 5dpa. Worms treated with the three different concentrations of Decitabine have been pooled. Most worms treated with Decitabine did not reach stage 5 at 5dpa, while about 50% of control worms reached this stage (some of which already having produced a first new segment). Supporting data values can be found in Additional file 2: Table S5. c Ventral views of WMISH at 5dpa of posterior part of control worms and worms treated with 50 μM Decitabine are shown. Expression of marker genes for different structures/tissues/cells during posterior regeneration has been studied, i.e., Pdum-hox3 (growth zone), Pdum-piwiB (growth zone and segmental progenitors), Pdum-pcna (proliferating cells), Pdum-caudal/cdx (pygidium and growth zone), Pdum-engrailed (Pdum-en; segmental stripes), Pdum-twist (muscle progenitors), and Pdum-neurogenin (Pdum-ngn; neural progenitors) [37]. Red arrowheads point to an expression in the growth zone, red arrows to a mesodermal expression, brown arrows to an expression at the base of the anal cirri, violet arrows to an expression in the pygidium, light blue arrows to a segmental ectodermal expression, light blue arrowheads to an expression in neural progenitors, and orange arrows to an expression in pygidial muscles. White asterisks indicate an expression in the hindgut