Table 1.

Distribution and function of NPY receptor subtypes in humans

Subtypes	Agonists	Antagonists	Distribution	Functions	References
Y1	[Phe7, Pro34]NPY, [Pro34] NPY [Leu31, Pro34] NPY	BIBP3226, BIBO3304, GR231118, BMS-193885, SR120819	Hypothalamus, spinal cord, tonsils, vascular smooth muscle, sympathetic nerve endings	Immunoreactivity, vasoconstriction, anxiolytic antidepressant, analgesia, antiepileptic, neuroprotection	[24]
Y2	TM30338 PYY (3–36), NPY (13–36)	JNJ-5207787, BIIE0246 T 4-[NPY 33–36]	Hippocampus, intestinal mucosa, amygdala, hypothalamus, sympathetic nerve endings, lateral nucleus, brainstem	Anxiolytic, antiepileptic, neuroprotector, appetite regulator, antinociceptive, anorexia, bone formation	[25]
Y4	1229U91,PP, TM30338		Hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, coronary artery, pancreas, kidney, lung	Inhibits exocrine secretions, relaxes gall bladder, stimulates luteinizing hormone secretion, regulates food intake, protects neurons	[26]
Y5	[Ala 31, Aib 32] NPY CPP1–7, NPY19–23	MK- 0557, Velneperit, L-152,804	Central nervous system, hippocampus, hypothalamus specific areas	Excites hippocampal activity, regulates circadian rhythm, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, neuroprotection	[25, 26]