Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and laboratory findings of patients with HS and controls
| Parameter | HS patients (n = 78) | Controls (n = 61) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 42.6 ±11.7 | 45.4 ±12.9 | 0.18 |
| Sex, male (%) | 47.4 | 51.6 | 0.62 |
| Active smoking (%) | 65.4 | 19.4 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 29.4 ±5.4 | 26.5 ±4.5 | 0.001 |
| Waist perimeter [cm] | 99.6 ±13.9 | 91.4 ±13.6 | 0.001 |
| SBP [mm Hg] | 132.6 ±16.4 | 124.2 ±15.8 | 0.003 |
| DBP [mm Hg] | 82.0 ±13.8 | 76.9 ±8.3 | 0.01 |
| hs-CRP [mg/dl] | 0.42 (0.17–0.89) | 0.10 (0.10–0.20) | < 0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2 ±0.6 | 5.2 ±0.3 | 0.61 |
| LDL-c [mg/dl] | 116.6 ±32.4 | 122.4 ±29.2 | 0.28 |
| HDL-c [mg/dl] | 46.0 (41.0–56.3) | 52.5 (46.8–69.5) | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides [mg/dl] | 99.4 ±48.1 | 96.5 ±66.3 | 0.76 |
| Fasting plasma glucose [mg/dl] | 94.9 ±13.7 | 89.1 ±8.1 | 0.004 |
| Fasting plasma insulin [μIU/ml] | 10.6 (5.5–16.9) | 7.4 (4.9–10.7) | 0.006 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.2 (1.0–3.7) | 1.5 (0.9–2.3) | 0.005 |
| Insulin resistance (%) | 46.2 | 19.4 | 0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 17.9 | 14.5 | 0.59 |
| Dyslipidaemia (%) | 13.0 | 16.1 | 0.60 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 34.5 | 11.5 | 0.002 |
| Omentin [ng/ml] | 513.1 (364.9–631.1) | 309.0 (238.1–377.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Apelin [ng/ml] | 569.6 (292.7–829.7) | 465.1 (286.1–762.9) | 0.28 |
BMI – body mass index, HbAlc – glycated haemoglobin, SBP – systolic blood pressure, DBP – diastolic blood pressure, hs-CRP – high-sensitive C-reactive protein, LDL-c–low-density lipoprotein, HDL-c – high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR – homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Values are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) as appropriate. Final significant p-value after Bonferroni correction for multiple assessments is p = 0.0023. Thus, significant values are marked in bold.