Table 2.
Results of subgroup analysis
| Analysis | N | OS |
N | PFS |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Association | Heterogeneity |
Association |
Heterogeneity | |||||||
| HR (95% CI) | P | I2 | HR (95% CI) | P | I2 | |||||
| Statin | ||||||||||
| Total | 6a | 0.76(0.63–0.92) | 0.005 | 48.4% | 6a | 0.86(0.75–0.99) | 0.036 | 22.1% | ||
| Agent | ||||||||||
| PD-1/PD-L1 | 4 | 0.74 (0.60–0.91) | 0.004 | 29.6% | 4 | 0.79(0.67–0.94) | 0.008 | 54.1% | ||
| CTLA-4 | 1 | 0.93(0.33–2.64) | 0.891 | 0% | 1 | 0.82(0.41–1.65) | 0.578 | 0% | ||
| Mixed | 1 | 0.91(0.51–1.61) | 0.747 | 0% | 1 | 1.08(0.81–1.43) | 0.596 | 0% | ||
| Cancer type | ||||||||||
| NSCLC | 2 | 0.71(0.46–1.11) | 0.131 | 0% | 2 | 0.64(0.41–0.98) | 0.041 | 62.4% | ||
| Melanoma | 1 | 0.93(0.33–2.64) | 0.891 | 0% | 2 | 0.82(0.62–1.07) | 0.578 | 0% | ||
| MPM | 1 | 0.27(0.1–0.73) | 0.010 | 0% | 1 | 0.52(0.29–0.93) | 0.028 | 0% | ||
| Multiple | 2 | 0.81(0.65–1.01) | 0.062 | 0% | 1 | 0.93(0.79–1.09) | 0.385 | 34.2% | ||
| Analysis model | ||||||||||
| Multivariate | 5 | 0.74(0.61–0.91) | 0.004 | 10.0% | 5 | 0.80(0.75–0.99) | 0.006 | 38.9% | ||
| Univariate | 1 | 0.91(0.51–1.61) | 0.747 | 0% | 1 | 1.08(0.81–1.43) | 0.596 | 0% | ||
| NSAIDs | ||||||||||
| Total | 7b | 0.98(0.83–1.15) | 0.769 | 48.4% | 5 | 0.90(0.77–1.06) | 0.213 | 22.1% | ||
| Agent | ||||||||||
| PD-1/PD-L1 | 5 | 1.03 (0.86–1.22) | 0.769 | 56.5% | 4 | 0.90(0.76–1.07) | 0.250 | 41.4% | ||
| CTLA-4 | 1 | 0.62(0.27–1.42) | 0.259 | 0% | 1 | 0.87(0.50–1.50) | 0.617 | - | ||
| Mixed | 2 | 0.73(0.43–1.25) | 0.249 | 53.2% | - | - | - | - | ||
| Cancer type | ||||||||||
| NSCLC | 4 | 0.95(0.76–1.18) | 0.645 | 64.3% | 2 | 0.88(0.67–1.16) | 0.356 | 70.4% | ||
| Melanoma | 2 | 0.80(0.58–1.11) | 0.184 | 12.2% | 2 | 0.82(0.62–1.07) | 0.137 | 0% | ||
| Multiple | 1 | 1.30(0.92–1.83) | 0.135 | 56.1% | 1 | 1.07(0.78–1.47) | 0.676 | 0% | ||
| Analysis model | ||||||||||
| Multivariate | 6 | 0.90(0.74–1.11) | 0.327 | 50.8% | 4 | 0.86(0.71–1.03) | 0.104 | 22.9% | ||
| Univariate | 1 | 1.11(0.85–1.44) | 0.435 | 0% | 1 | 1.07(0.76–1.51) | 0.699 | 0% | ||
| Low-dose aspirin | ||||||||||
| Total | 4 | 0.93(0.76–1.15) | 0.514 | 9.2% | 5 | 0.84(0.72–0.98) | 0.024 | 38.3% | ||
| Agent | ||||||||||
| PD-1/PD-L1 | 2 | 0.86(0.68–1.08) | 0.192 | 0% | 2 | 0.80(0.65–0.99) | 0.043 | 34.6% | ||
| CTLA-4 | 1 | 1.56(0.79–13.10) | 0.202 | 0% | 1 | 0.93(0.55–1.57) | 0.786 | - | ||
| Mixed | 1 | 1.10(0.62–1.95) | 0.744 | 0% | 2 | 0.87(0.69–1.10) | 0.2436 | 38.3% | ||
| Cancer type | ||||||||||
| NSCLC | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.67(0.48–0.94) | 0.020 | 0% | ||
| Melanoma | 2 | 1.55(0.81–2.94) | 0.184 | 0% | 2 | 1.01(0.61–1.66) | 0.968 | 0% | ||
| Multiple | 2 | 0.88(0.71–1.10) | 0.256 | 0% | 2 | 0.88(0.73–1.05) | 0.144 | 66.9% | ||
| Analysis model | ||||||||||
| Multivariate | 3 | 0.91(0.73–1.14) | 0.41 | 32.1% | 3 | 0.82(0.67–1.00) | 0.048 | 0% | ||
| Univariate | 1 | 1.10(0.62–1.95) | 0.744 | 0% | 2 | 0.87(0.69–1.10) | 0.246 | 38.3% | ||
| Metformin | ||||||||||
| Total | 8 | 1.07(0.89–1.30) | 0.462 | 40.3% | 7 c | 1.08(0.92–1.27) | 0.346 | 29.2% | ||
| Agent | ||||||||||
| PD-1/PD-L1 | 5 | 1.12 (0.91–1.38) | 0.204 | 53.6% | 5 | 1.02(0.85–1.23) | 0.799 | 29.6% | ||
| CTLA-4 | 1 | 1.37(0.48–3.90) | 0.555 | 0% | 1 | 1.83(0.87–3.85) | 0.238 | - | ||
| Mixed | 2 | 0.85(0.52–1.37) | 0.266 | 62.6% | 1 | 1.33(0.83–2.14) | 0.112 | - | ||
| Cancer type | ||||||||||
| NSCLC | 2 | 1.22(0.73–2.04) | 0.438 | 64.3% | 2 | 1.09(0.71–1.69) | 0.691 | 16.3% | ||
| Melanoma | 3 | 0.82(0.54–1.24) | 0.347 | 12.2% | 3 | 0.89(0.64–1.24) | 0.501 | 60.9% | ||
| Multiple | 3 | 1.13(0.90–1.43) | 0.284 | 56.1% | 2 | 1.17(0.95–1.44) | 0.149 | 0% | ||
| Analysis model | ||||||||||
| Multivariate | 6 | 1.21(0.96–1.53) | 0.103 | 52.5% | 3 | 1.68(0.71–1.19) | 0.084 | 0% | ||
| Univariate | 4 | 0.85(0.62–1.17) | 0.322 | 0% | 4 | 1.20(0.98–1.48) | 0.516 | 29.4% | ||
| Beta-blockers | ||||||||||
| Total | 4 | 0.87(0.71–1.08) | 0.588 | 53.6% | 4 | 0.91(0.66–1.26) | 0.207 | 0% | ||
| Agent | ||||||||||
| PD-1/PD-L1 | 3 | 0.86 (0.69–1.06) | 0.159 | 0% | 3 | 0.88(0.73–1.06) | 0.183 | 32.8% | ||
| CTLA-4 | 1 | 1.37(0.48–3.90) | 0.555 | 0% | 1 | 1.83(0.87–3.85) | 0.112 | 0% | ||
| Cancer type | ||||||||||
| NSCLC | 1 | 0.66(0.38–1.16) | 0.148 | 0% | 1 | 0.48(0.23–1.01) | 0.052 | 0% | ||
| Melanoma | 2 | 0.94 (0.65–1.36) | 0.739 | 0% | 2 | 0.97 (0.72–1.32) | 0.685 | 69.7% | ||
| Multiple | 1 | 0.90(0.68–1.20) | 0.467 | 0% | 1 | 0.95(0.74–1.21) | 0.679 | 0% | ||
| Analysis model | ||||||||||
| Multivariate | 2 | 0.93(0.70–1.22) | 0.585 | 0% | 3 | 0.94(0.53–1.68) | 0.839 | 68.0% | ||
| Univariate | 2 | 0.81(0.71–1.08) | 0.192 | 0% | 1 | 0.86(0.62–1.20) | 0.371 | 0% | ||
Abbreviations: OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs; MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Annotation
a. The study by Cantini et al. included two cohorts and showed the HR and 95% CI respectively, and the total number refers to cohorts rather than studies.
b. The study by Wang et al. 2020 included two cohorts and the HR and 95% CI were reported, respectively, and the total number refers to cohorts rather than studies.
c. The study by Gaucher et al. only reported the HR and 95%CI for OS, and the total number for PFS is 7.