Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in GENOAa (N = 961)
| Mean (SD) or N (%) | Heritability (h2, 95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Female | 685 (71.3%) | |
| Age (years) | 62.7 (9.7) | |
| Age at phase I (years) | 57.7 (10.3) | |
| Time between phases I and II | 5.2 (1.3) | |
| BMI (kg/mb) | 31.8 (6.8) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137.8 (21.1) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.3 (11.1) | |
| Antihypertensive medication use | ||
| No | 284 (29.6%) | |
| Yes | 662 (68.9%) | |
| Missing | 15 (1.6%) | |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current | 118 (12.3%) | |
| Former | 257 (26.7%) | |
| Never | 571 (59.4%) | |
| Missing | 15 (1.6%) | |
| Diabetes statusb | ||
| No | 653 (68.0%) | |
| Yes | 289 (30.1%) | |
| Missing | 19 (2.0%) | |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73mb) | 89.9 (21.2) | 0.31 (0.11–0.50) |
| Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR, mg/g) | 48.4 (192.9) | 0.49 (0.30–0.68) |
| Left ventricular mass index (LVMI, g/heightb.7) | 39.1 (10.3) | 0.52 (0.35–0.70) |
| Relative wall thickness (RWT) | 0.32 (0.05) | 0.30 (0.12–0.46) |
| White matter hyperintensity (WMH, cm3) | 9.49 (8.0) | 0.21 (0–0.43) |
| Total intracranial volume (cm3) | 1373 (134.7) |
SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index.
Sample sizes for target organ damage measures: eGFR (n = 940), UACR (n = 943), LVMI (n = 910), RWT (n = 915), WMH (n = 539).
aMeasured at phase II unless stated otherwise.
bDefined as glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL or self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes and current anti-diabetes medication use.