Table 1. vmPFC patients’ demographic and clinical data.
| vmPFC patient | Age (y) |
Edu (y) |
Sex (y) |
Time since lesion (y) |
EFT Int (z score) |
EFT Ext (z score) |
PF | LF | DS | LL Imm |
LL Del |
ROCF copy | ROCF recall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 (I) | 55 | 13 | M | 4 | −1.42 | 0.58 | 21% | 23% | 34% | 14% | 17% | 100% | 50% |
| P2 (I) | 46 | 13 | M | 7 | −1.54 | −1.44 | 38% | 7% | 49% | 12% | 8% | 100% | 41% |
| P3 (I) | 56 | 8 | M | 13 | −1.43 | −0.73 | 42% | 16% | 23% | 0.43% | 3% | 25% | 2% |
| P4 (I) | 57 | 8 | M | 7 | −1.57 | −0.28 | 42% | 31% | 23% | 7% | 12% | 89% | 27% |
| P5 (C) | 58 | 15 | F | 8 | – | – | 82% | 35% | 18% | 1% | 0.02% | 2% | 13% |
| P6 (C) | 76 | 16 | F | 5 | 0.20 | −0.86 | 55% | 40% | 80% | 81% | 50% | 67% | 62% |
| P7 (C) | 54 | 13 | F | 2 | −2.27 | −1.64 | 58% | 30% | 59% | 2% | 2–3% | 8% | 42% |
| P8 (C) | 65 | 18 | M | 4 | −1.93 | −1.00 | 45% | 2% | 39% | 8% | 7% | 22% | 18% |
| P9 (C) | 56 | 20 | M | 4 | −2.24 | −1.24 | 47% | - | 39% | 1% | 0.7% | 68% | 1% |
| P10 (C) | 51 | 10 | M | 8 | – | – | 45% | 20% | 59% | 4% | 0.7% | 84% | 13% |
| P11 (C) | 66 | 15 | F | 1 | −1.73 | −1.41 | 47% | 55% | 39% | 1% | 1% | 70% | 2% |
| P12 (C) | 49 | 12 | M | 5 | −1.89 | 0.95 | 86% | 50% | 39% | 1% | 0.03% | 58% | 0.7% |
Note: (I) = patient tested in Italy; (C) = patient tested in Canada; M = male; F = female; Edu = education; y = years; vmPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex; EFT Int = internal details at the Crovitz episodic future thinking task; EFT Ext = external details at the Crovitz episodic future thinking task; PF = premorbid functioning, based on the full-scale IQ at Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WAIS–IV; Wechsler, 2009) for Canadian patients P7, P9, P12, on the Wechsler test of adult reading (WTAR; Holdnack, 2001) for Canadian patients P6 and P11, on the National Adult Reading Test (NART) (Paolo and Ryan, 1992) for Canadian patients P5, P8, and P10, and on the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) for all Italian patients (Spinnler and Tognoni, 1987); LF = letter fluency (Spinnler and Tognoni, 1987; Spreen and Strauss, 1998); DS = digit span (forward); LL Imm = list learning immediate recall, LL Del = list learning delayed recall, assessed with the Buschke–Fuld Test (Buschke and Fuld, 1974; Spinnler and Tognoni, 1987) in Italian patients, and with the California Verbal Learning Test-II (Woods et al., 2006) in Canadian vmPFC patients; ROCF = Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (Spinnler and Tognoni, 1987; Spreen and Strauss, 1998). For PF, LF, DS, LL, and ROCF, we report percentile scores. Dashes indicate missing data.