Table 2.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection methods used for untreated wastewater and sludge from WWTPs.
| Environmental samples | Methods | Primers or probes [providers]. | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wastewater | RT-qPCR | N_Sarbeco [Tib-Molbiol (Berlin, Germany)] NIID_2019-nCOV_N [TOYOBO, Japan] |
Ahmed et al. (2020b) |
| Wastewater Sewage sludge |
RT-qPCR | RdRp; N-gene; E-gene [Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA] | Balboa et al. (2020) |
| Wastewater | RT-PCR | 2019-nCoV_N1–F • 2019-nCoV_N1-R • 2019-nCoV_N1–P [CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel] | Medema et al. (2020a), b |
| Wastewater | RT-PCR | Fast Start Universal Probe Master, forward and reverse primers including, TaqMan probe [Sigma-Aldrich] | Bar-Or et al. (2021) |
| Raw wastewater | RT-qPCR | nucleocapsid N gene [CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel] | Wu et al. (2020) |
| Raw wastewater | RT-qPCR | E_Sarbeco_F • E_Sarbeco_P1 • E_Sarbeco_R [Tib-Molbiol (Berlin Germany)] | Wurtzer et al. (2021) |