Table I.
General characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Author, yr | Country | Study design | Groups compared | Number of hips | Mean age, yrs (SD) | Stage of ONFH | Mean follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (drill diameter) |
Intervention | Control | Intervention | Total | Control | Intervention | ||||||
| 1 | Hu 201830 | China | RCT | CD (2.5 mm) | CD + NVFG | 65 | 65 | 130 | 40.38 (6.63) | 40.83 (6.73) | N/A | 48 mths |
| 2 | Hauzeur 201831 | Belgium | RCT | CD (4 mm) | CD + BMAC | 23 | 23 | 46 | 49.7 (3.2) | 48.0 (2.8) | ARCO IIIA, IIIB | 24 mths |
| 3 | Cao 201732 | China | RCT | CD (2.5 mm) | CD + FVFG | 21 | 21 | 42 | 31 (6) | 31 (6) | ARCO I to IIIB | 36 mths |
| 4 | Pepke 201633 | Germany | RCT | CD (5 mm) | CD + BMAC | 14 | 11 | 25 | 44.5 (3.3) | 44.3 (3.4) | ARCO II | 24 mths |
| 5 | Tabatabaee 201534 | USA | RCT | CD (2.7 mm) | CD + BMMNCs | 14 | 14 | 28 | 26.8 (5.8) | 31 (11.4) | ARCO I to III | 24 mths |
| 6 | Miao 201549 | China | RCT | CD (3.2 mm) | CD + PTR | 34 | 36 | 70 | 35.2 (5.8) | 32.6 (6.3) | Steinberg I to II | 12 to 28 mths |
| 7 | Zhao 201235 | China | RCT | CD | CD + BMMSCs | 44 | 53 | 97 | 33.8 (7.70) | 32.7 (10.5) | ARCO IC to IIC | 60 mths |
| 8 | Sen 201236 | India | RCT | CD (4 mm) | CD + BMMNCs | 25 | 26 | 51 | 65.72 (15.241) | 66.19 (13.042) | ARCO I, II | 24 mths |
| 9 | Ou 201937 | China | CCT | CD | CD + NVFG | 60 | 62 | 122 | 55.1 (5.8) | 55.0 (6.5) | ARCO II | 41.5 mths (SD 8.6; 22 to 63) |
| 10 | Hernigou 201838 | France | CCT | CD (4 mm) | CD + BMMSCs | 125 | 125 | 250 | 36 (18 to 51) | 36 (18 to 51) | Steinberg I, II | 25 yrs (20 to 30) |
| 11 | Kang 201839 | South Korea | CCT | CD | CD + BMMSCs | 53 | 53 | 106 | 47.3 (9.7) | 46.0 (9.3) | ARCO I to IV | 4.28 yrs (3 to 10) |
| 12 | Sallam 201740 | Egypt | CCT | CD (8 mm) | CD + IFHG | 38 | 33 | 71 | 33.21 (8.79) | 32.67 (8.16) | Ficat I to III | 7.86 yrs (3 to 14) |
| 13 | Cruz-Pardos 201641 | Spain | CCT | CD (4 mm) | CD + BMC | 19 | 41 | 60 | 36.74 | 42.56 | Ficat I, II | 45 mths (24 to 171) |
| 14 | Mohanty 201742 | India | CCT | CD (3.5 to 4.5 mm) | CD + FSG | 33 | 35 | 68 | 36.67 (7.8) | 34.1 (7.3) | Ficat I to III | N/A |
| 15 | Yan 201543 | China | CCT | CD (4.5 mm) | CD + BMMSCs | 42 | 44 | 86 | 37.24 (10.54) | 39.62 (11.83) | ARCO I to II | 26 mths (24 to 43) |
| 16 | Gangji 201144 | Belgium | CCT | CD | CD + ABMCs | 11 | 13 | 24 | 45.7 (2.8) | 42.2 (2.6) | ARCO I, II | 60 mths |
| 17 | Yang 201045 | China | CCT | CD (3 mm) | CD + BL-ATC | 22 | 56 | 78 | 36.5 | 38.6 | Steinberg I to IIIA | 36 to 78 mths |
| 18 | Gangji 200546 | Belgium | CCT | CD (3 mm) | CD + BMMNCs | 8 | 10 | 18 | 48.8 (11.2) | 40.9 (9.8) | ARCO I, II | 24 mths |
| 19 | Scully 199847 | USA | CCT | CD | CD + FVFG | 98 | 614 | 712 | 41 | 35 | Ficat I to III | 50 mths |
| 20 | Kane 199648 | USA | CCT | CD | CD + FVFG | 19 | 20 | 39 | 42 | 42 | Ficat II to III | 24 mths |
ABMC, autologous bone marrow cell; ARCO, Association Research Circulation Osseous; BL-ATC, biomaterial-loaded allograft threaded cage; BMAC, bone marrow aspirate concentrate; BMC, bone marrow concentration; BMMNC, bone marrow mononuclear cell; BMMSC, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; CCT, clinical controlled trial; CD, core decompression; FSG, fibular strut grafting; FVFG, free vascularized fibular grafting; IFHG, inverted femoral head grafting; N/A, not available; NVFG, non-vascularized fibular graft; ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head; PTR, porous tantalum rod; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SD, standard deviation.