Table 2.

Empirical correlations for calculating the nanofluid thermophysical properties based on the experimental data of Ho et al.⁴.

Properties	Volume-fraction dependent	Root mean square deviation
Dynamic viscosity	$\frac{{\mu }_m}{{\mu }_{\mathit{bf}}}=1+4.97\phi +222.4{\phi }^2$	0.024393
Thermal conductivity	$\frac{k_m}{k_{\mathit{bf}}}=1+2.72\phi +4.97{\phi }^2$	0.02069
Volumetric expansion coefficient	${{\beta }_m=(\left(1,-,\phi \right){\rho }_{\mathit{bf}}{\beta }_{\mathit{bf}}+\phi {\rho }_p{\beta }_p)/}_{{\rho }_m}$	0.033401
Density	${\rho }_m=\left(1,-,\phi \right){\rho }_{\mathit{bf}}+\phi {\rho }_p$	0.002291
Specific heat capacity	$C_{\mathit{pm}}=(\left(1,-,\phi \right){\rho }_{\mathit{bf}}{C}_{\mathit{pbf}}+\phi {{\rho }_{p}C}_{\mathit{pp}})/{\rho }_m$	0.033401