Table 3.

Grid independent test results for Ra = 6 × 10⁶ and 3% nanoparticle concentration.

	Predicted average Nusselt number
Grid size	Single-phase model	Two-component model	Mixture model
60 × 60	13.554	13.482	11.926
80 × 80	13.511	13.458	11.907
100 × 100	13.488	13.446	11.899
120 × 120	13.474	13.439	11.894
130 × 130	13.469	13.437	11.893
140 × 140	13.465	13.435	11.891