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. 2021 Jul 28;53(7):1192–1204. doi: 10.1038/s12276-021-00653-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Loss-of-function caused by KCNQ4 p.R331Q and its restoration following phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) activator (i.e., PIP5K) and channel openers. b Gain of function caused by KCNQ4 p.G319D and its restoration following interference of PIP₂ activation by intracellular application of a polycation poly-L-lysine (PIP₂ inhibitor) and channel inhibitor.