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. 2021 Aug 3;12:4408. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24627-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Counts of single and clustered cTBs per 2 mL of blood for all participants enrolled in the study (n = 183). Pregnant women (n = 168) are divided into three groups (i.e., PAS, placenta previa, and normal placentation) based on clinical diagnosis and sorted within groups based on total cTB count (single cTB count plus clustered cTB count). Non-pregnant indicates the control cohort of healthy non-pregnant female donors (n = 15). The inset shows the percentages of pregnant women with detectable single and clustered cTBs in PAS, placenta previa, and normal placentation. Counts of: b single cTBs, c clustered cTBs, and d cTB-clusters per 2 mL of blood for pregnant women with PAS (n = 65), placenta previa (n = 59), and normal placentation (n = 44) are shown. Counts are log2-transformed. The two shorter horizontal lines denote the 25–75% interquartile ranges (IQR) and the longer horizontal lines in between denote the median. Data are expressed as mean ± SE for b single cTBs: PAS (4.4 ± 0.2), placenta previa (2.2 ± 0.2), normal placentation (1.6 ± 0.2); c clustered cTBs: PAS (4.7 ± 0.3), placenta previa (0.6 ± 0.2), normal placentation (0.3 ± 0.1); and d cTB-clusters: PAS (3.0 ± 0.2), placenta previa (0.3 ± 0.1), normal placentation (0.2 ± 0.1). Significant differences between different groups are evaluated using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test (two-sided with adjustment). The p values for b single cTBs, c clustered cTBs, and d cTB-clusters (PAS versus previa; PAS versus normal)) are all <0.0001. Source data are provided in the Source data file.