Fig. 8. Golden Retrievers harbor a unique mutation signature that is osteosarcoma-enriched, TMB-associated, and TP53 mutation-independent.

a Three mutation signatures were detected in CDS regions of 597 canine tumors from the WES dataset. Right bars indicate the distribution of the three signatures in each tumor type and each validated breed, with the numbers denoting the tumor counts. Left plots indicate the 96 base substitution patterns⁶ (top) and the cosine similarity scores between each canine signature and each of the 30 COSMIC⁶ and 12 pediatric^7,8 signatures (bottom). b Golden Retriever-specific oncoprint, including 154 animals and presented as described in Fig. 5. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.