Table 3.
Demographic profile and urine results for individuals 50 years or older with valid urine* regardless of CAPI data: W2 vs W3 independent samples.
| only W2 |
only W3 |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 467) | (N = 455) | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 0.947 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 62.0 (55.0, 71.0) | 62.0 (56.0, 69.0) | |
| N (% Missing) | 467 (0.0%) | 455 (0.0%) | |
| Sex | 0.079 | ||
| male | 103 (22.1%) | 123 (27.0%) | |
| female | 364 (77.9%) | 332 (73.0%) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| African/black | 158 (61.2%) | 222 (68.1%) | |
| White | 10 (3.9%) | 13 (4.0%) | |
| Coloured | 55 (21.3%) | 81 (24.8%) | |
| Indian/asian | 35 (13.6%) | 10 (3.1%) | |
| Location | 0.002 | ||
| urban | 195 (75.6%) | 207 (63.5%) | |
| rural | 63 (24.4%) | 119 (36.5%) | |
| Marital status | 0.735 | ||
| never married | 64 (24.8%) | 83 (25.5%) | |
| married/cohabiting | 85 (32.9%) | 106 (32.5%) | |
| separate/divorced | 17 (6.6%) | 29 (8.9%) | |
| widowed | 92 (35.7%) | 108 (33.1%) | |
| Ever school | <0.001 | ||
| yes | 196 (76.0%) | 291 (89.3%) | |
| no | 62 (24.0%) | 35 (10.7%) | |
| Education level | 0.020 | ||
| low | 163 (83.2%) | 216 (74.2%) | |
| high | 33 (16.8%) | 75 (25.8%) | |
| Alcohol | <0.001 | ||
| yes | 36 (14.1%) | 88 (27.0%) | |
| no, never | 219 (85.9%) | 238 (73.0%) | |
| Smoking | 0.043 | ||
| no | 229 (89.8%) | 274 (84.0%) | |
| yes | 26 (10.2%) | 52 (16.0%) | |
| Waist to Height ratio < 0.5 | 0.628 | ||
| no | 147 (79.5%) | 230 (81.3%) | |
| yes | 38 (20.5%) | 53 (18.7%) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 0.769 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 30.1 (25.4, 35.9) | 29.9 (25.3, 35.8) | |
| N (% Missing) | 190 (59.3%) | 302 (33.6%) | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.119 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 133.5 (121.5, 144.5) | 135.5 (122.0, 153.5) | |
| N (% Missing) | 245 (47.5%) | 310 (31.9%) | |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.001 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 80.5 (72.0, 88.5) | 84.0 (73.5, 97.0) | |
| N (% Missing) | 245 (47.5%) | 310 (31.9%) | |
| Hypertension from measurement | 0.033 | ||
| no | 144 (58.8%) | 154 (49.7%) | |
| yes | 101 (41.2%) | 156 (50.3%) | |
| Hypertension Self-reported | 0.043 | ||
| no | 154 (69.1%) | 197 (60.6%) | |
| yes | 69 (30.9%) | 128 (39.4%) | |
| Hypertension BP/SR/med | 0.063 | ||
| no | 90 (39.8%) | 101 (32.1%) | |
| yes | 136 (60.2%) | 214 (67.9%) | |
| Sodium, mmol/24hr | 0.721 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 97.8 (68.1, 143.6) | 101.0 (68.0, 144.9) | |
| N (% Missing) | 466 (0.2%) | 455 (0.0%) | |
| Calculated salt excretion, g/day | 0.721 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 5.8 (4.0, 8.5) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.6) | |
| N (% Missing) | 466 (0.2%) | 455 (0.0%) | |
| Achieving salt target (<5g/day) | 0.650 | ||
| <5g/day | 185 (39.7%) | 174 (38.2%) | |
| >=5g/day | 281 (60.3%) | 281 (61.8%) | |
| High salt intake (≥10 g/day) | 0.547 | ||
| <10 g/day | 389 (83.5%) | 373 (82.0%) | |
| >=10 g/day | 77 (16.5%) | 82 (18.0%) | |
| Potassium (K), mmol/24hr | 0.875 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 29.6 (19.0, 45.9) | 30.0 (20.2, 41.5) | |
| N (% Missing) | 467 (0.0%) | 455 (0.0%) | |
| Achieving K target (≥90 mmol/day) | 0.315 | ||
| <90 mmoll/24 h | 448 (95.9%) | 442 (97.1%) | |
| >=90 mmoll/24 h | 19 (4.1%) | 13 (2.9%) | |
| Sodium-to-potassium ratio | 0.676 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 3.3 (2.3, 4.5) | 3.3 (2.3, 4.6) | |
| N (% Missing) | 466 (0.2%) | 455 (0.0%) | |
| Achieving Na:K ratio (≤1.0) | 0.115 | ||
| <=1 | 13 (2.8%) | 6 (1.3%) | |
| >1 | 452 (97.2%) | 449 (98.7%) | |
| Creatinine, mmol/24 h | 0.057 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 8.5 (6.3, 13.0) | 8.2 (6.1, 11.6) | |
| N (% Missing) | 467 (0.0%) | 455 (0.0%) | |
| Iodine, µg/l | 0.942 | ||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 96.3 (53.9, 160.9) | 93.8 (52.9, 159.0) | |
| N (% Missing) | 293 (37.3%) | 400 (12.1%) |
Data are presented as median (Q1:1st quartile, Q3:3rd quartile) and number of valid cases (N) for quantitative data and as absolute number (%) for categorical data. P-value obtained by: Mann-Whitney test when comparing medians, while Pearson Chi-Square test or Fisher Exact test when comparing categorical data. *Valid urine defined as: volume ≥ 300 mL and creatinine excretion ≥ 4 mmol/day (women) or ≥ 6 mmol/day (men). The CAPI data could not always be matched with the urine data thus there is missing data for some variables. BP: Blood Pressure, SR: Self-Reported, med: on medication for hypertension in the last two weeks