Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable analysis of factors associated with ever having reported illicit drug use in the hospital (n = 1422)
| Characteristic | Odds ratio (OR) | |
|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Main exposure | ||
| Percentage* of at least daily non-medical prescription opioid use over time (per one-unit increase) | 4.52 (2.07–9.92) | 3.42 (1.46–8.02) |
| Covariates | ||
| Cohort (ARYS vs. VIDUS or ACCESS) | 0.57 (0.40–0.79) | 0.87 (0.58–1.27) |
| Age (per 10-year increase) | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | – |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 0.64 (0.51–0.81) | 0.68 (0.53–0.87) |
| Percentage* of injection drug use of any substance over time (per one-unit increase) | 2.69 (1.98–3.67) | 0.87 (0.56–1.36) |
| Percentage* of at least daily heroin use over time (per one-unit increase) | 3.53 (2.31–5.40) | 1.54 (0.90–2.64) |
| Percentage* of at least daily cocaine use over time (per one-unit increase) | 6.48 (3.15–13.55) | 3.33 (1.51–7.39) |
| Percentage* of at least daily crystal methamphetamine use over time (per one-unit increase) | 1.05 (0.48–2.19) | — |
| Percentage* of at least daily marijuana use over time (per one-unit increase) | 0.92 (0.64–1.30) | — |
| Percentage* of enrolment opioid agonist therapy over time (per one-unit increase) | 2.42 (1.85–3.16) | 2.31 (1.70–3.14) |
| Percentage* of binge drug use over time (per one-unit increase) | 2.23 (1.45–3.44) | 1.11 (0.67–1.82) |
| Percentage* of public drug use over time (per one-unit increase) | 5.11 (3.40–7.70) | 3.48 (1.98–6.14) |
| Ever had insufficient pain medication (yes vs. no) | 1.34 (0.97–1.84) | 1.39 (0.99–1.94) |
ACCESS, AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Exposure to Survival Services; ARYS, at risk youth study; CI, confidence interval; VIDUS, Vancouver Injection Drug Users.
*
Percentage defined as the cumulative percentage of reported behaviour in the past 6 months during the cohort study period.